Background: Thiamine status of ruminants is adversely affected in acidic rumen conditions. However, there have been limited published case study data related to thiamine deficiency of ruminants with acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA).Hypothesis: Thiamine deficiency would occur in sheep with ARLA. Animals: Thirteen Ak-Karaman (white Karaman) sheep with ARLA, aged 1 year (ARLA group) and 10 healthy Ak-Karaman sheep, aged 1 year (control group) were used.Methods: After clinical examination, rumen fluid samples of all sheep were obtained with a stomach tube and examined immediately. Blood samples were taken from a jugular vein of the sheep. Erythrocytic transketolase enzyme activity and hence thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) effect were determined according to Clausen's method.Results: History revealed that all sheep in the ARLA group had accidentally consumed excessive amounts of cracked barley. During clinical examination of the ARLA group, disturbed general condition, engorged scleral vessels, moderate to severe dehydration, and ruminal atony were recorded in the sheep. The results of the ruminal fluid analyses of the ARLA group demonstrated characteristics of ARLA. The results of clinical and ruminal fluid examination of control group were normal. The mean TPP effect (%) in the ARLA group (109 AE 28) was significantly higher than in the control group (22.2 AE 3.7) (P o .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The present study revealed that severe thiamine deficiency occurred in sheep with ARLA. This result indicates that thiamine administration to sheep suffering from acute ruminal acidosis caused by overconsumption of readily fermentable carbohydrates could be beneficial in alleviating thiamine deficiency caused by ruminal acidosis.

This paper identifies a hemorrhagic syndrome-like disease in calves with bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease complex in Turkey.

No abstract

The aims of this study were to diagnose coenurosis by means of computerized tomography (CT) scan imaging and molecular characterization of the CO1 gene using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sheep and calves were necropsied, and CT scans on the cephalic region were performed on the animals. Sections of brain tissue infected with parasites were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin for microscopic examination. Material collected from brain cysts was fixed in 70% ethanol. PCR amplification was carried out using the CO1 mitochondrial gene. A total of 60 calves and 80 sheep were examined clinically and, of these, 15 calves and 38 sheep showed signs of depression, with counterclockwise circling movements and altered head carriage. Four sheep and one calf were necropsied, and C. cerebralis cysts were detected in all of them. A hypodense cyst was monitored in the right cerebellar hemisphere on a CT scan on one sheep. A cyst was found in the left frontal lobe on a CT scan on one calf. Microscopically, C. cerebralis cysts were surrounded by a fibrous or epithelial wall that presented necrosis on cerebral sections of both the sheep and the cattle. The CO1-PCR assay yielded a 446 bp band, which was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed: the results confirmed the presence of T. multiceps. This study reports the first use of CT imaging on naturally infected calves and sheep for diagnosing coenurosis.Keywords: Coenurus cerebralis, CT imaging, PCR, sheep, calf, Turkey. ResumoOs objetivos deste estudo foram diagnosticar cenurose por tomografia computadorizada (CT) por imagem de digitalização e caracterização molecular do gene CO1, usando a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Ovelhas e bezerros foram necropsiados, e uma tomografia computadorizada da região cefálica foi realizada nos animais. Em seguida, cortes microscópicos de cérebro infectado com parasitas foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina e posterior avaliação ao microscópio de luz. Em seguida, o material recolhido de cada cisto cerebral foi fixado em etanol a 70%. A amplificação pela PCR foi realizada utilizando-se o gene mitocondrial CO1. Um total de 60 bezerros e 80 ovelhas foram clinicamente examinados e, desses, 15 bezerros e 38 ovelhas apresentaram sinais de depressão, com movimentos circulares em sentido anti-horário, e desvio da cabeça. Quatro carneiros e uma vitela foram necropsiados, e cistos de C. cerebralis foram detectados nos animais. Um cisto hipodenso foi monitorado no hemisfério cerebelar direito por imagem do CT de um carneiro. O cisto foi encontrado no lobo frontal esquerdo por imagem do CT de um bezerro. Microscopicamente, cistos de C. cerebralis foram envolvidos por uma parede fibrosa ou epitelial, apresentando necrose em ambos os cortes cerebrais de ovinos e de bovinos. O ensaio CO1-PCR produziu uma banda de 446 pb, sequenciado e submetido à filogenia, confirmou ser T. multiceps. Este estudo relata a primeira utilização de imagens de CT em bezerros e ovelhas naturalmente infectados para o diagnóstico de coenurosis.

SummaryIn this study, a totally 98 materials were used consist of different samples such as blood, oro-nasal swap, lung, spleen and lymph node from goats (n=38) in the 28 flocks suspected the PPRV infection as clinically and macroscopic pathologic remarks. The goats that used in this study housed in the 11 different provinces of Eastern Anatolia. RT-PCR was used for the diagnosis of PPRV infection. PPRV nucleic acid was detected in 50 of 98 materials by RT-PCR. According to the results of RT-PCR, the PPRV nucleic acid was detected in 39.2% (11/28), 44.7% (17/38) and 45.4% (5/11) of the flocks, sampled animals and provinces in eastern anatolia, respectively. Diagnostic value of necropsy materials such as lymph node, spleen, lung and of clinical samples such as oro-nasal swap and blood were determined more valuable diagnostic materials in the diagnosis of PPRV infection by RT-PCR. Data showed that PPRV infections of the goats were widespread in the Eastern Anatolia region. Additionally, it is determined that RT-PCR is sensitive and reliable method in the diagnosis of PPRV infections. Keywords: Goat, PPR, RT-PCR Türkiye'nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesin'deki Keçilerde Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus Enfeksiyonları ÖzetBu çalışmada, klinik ve makroskobik patolojik olarak PPRV enfeksiyonundan şüphelenilen 28 farklı sürüdeki keçilerden (n=38) alınan kan, oral-nazal swap, akciğer, dalak ve lenf nodülü gibi farklı örneklerden toplam 98 materyal kullanıldı. Bu çalışmada kullanılan keçiler Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin 11 farklı ilinde yetiştiriliyordu. PPRV enfeksiyonunun teşhisinde RT-PCR kullanıldı. RT-PCR tekniğiyle 98 materyalin 50'sinde PPRV nükleik asidi belirlendi. RT-PCR sonuçlarına göre, PPRV nükleik asidi sürülerin %39.2'si (11/28), örneklenen hayvanların %44.7'si (17/38) ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde örnekleme yapılan illerin %45.4 (5/11)' inde tespit edildi. RT-PCR ile PPRV enfeksiyonunun teşhisinde oral-nazal swap ve kan gibi klinik örnekler ve lenf nodülü, dalak ve akciğer gibi nekropsi materyali teşhis değeri yüksek materyal olarak belirlendi. Bu bilgiler keçilerin PPRV enfeksiyonunun Doğu Anadolu'da yaygın olduğunu ve PPRV enfeksiyonunun teşhisinde RT-PCR'ın duyarlı ve güvenilir bir metod olduğunu gösterdi.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a trace element solution applied to cows in the transition period on the levels of fatty acids in the transition period. The material of this study consisted of 20 clinically healthy 3-5 year old simental cows kept under the same care and feeding conditions. Pregnant cows used in the study were divided into 2 equal groups with 10 cows in each group. A single dose of 20 ml of a trace element solution was administered intramuscularly to the pregnant cows in the study group 3 weeks before the birth. Blood samples were taken for analysis at the time of trace element administration, the moment of birth and 3 weeks after birth. Serum samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) device. When the findings of the study were examined, the fatty acid levels determined 3 weeks before the birth in the group in which trace element solution applied were higher compared to the moment of delivery and the period 3 weeks after birth. In the control group, the fatty acid levels determined 3 weeks before the birth increased at the time of delivery, and the fatty acid levels determined 3 weeks after the birth remained higher than the levels determined 3 weeks before the birth. It was concluded that trace element supplementation applied to pregnant cows during the transition period prevented excessive increase in serum fatty acid levels during the transition period.

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This paper identifies a hemorrhagic syndrome-like disease in calves with bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease complex in Turkey.