The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive outcome and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and to compare the results with male factor (MF) infertility patients. The reproductive outcome of 33 HH patients was evaluated retrospectively and compared with results of 47 patients with mild male factor infertility. For ovulation induction, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) was used in HH patients and recFSH was used in MF infertility patients. HH patients were divided into subgroups according to retrieved oocyte numbers and the groups were compared with each other. The main outcome measures were total gonadotropin dose used, duration of stimulation, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) day estradiol level and endometrial thickness, oocyte number retrieved, and rate of clinical pregnancy. ART outcomes and cycle characteristics of 33 HH patients were compared with 47 MF infertility patients. There was no difference in age and body mass index (BMI) between the groups, but mean follicle stimulating hormone FSH and luteinizing hormone LH levels were significantly lower in the HH group (p50.001). Duration of stimulation was 12.5 ± 2.06 days in the HH patients and 10.08 ± 1.62 days in the MF infertility patients and the difference was significant (p50.001). Total gonadotropin dose used was higher in the HH group than the MF infertility group (p 5 0.001). However, there were no differences in hCG day estradiol levels, endometrial thickness on hCG day, total oocyte number retrieved, MII oocyte number, and pregnancy rate. In the HH subgroups, patient ages were significantly lower in the 415 oocyte retrieved group. Although patients with HH have a long-term estrogen deficiency, their response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment is similar to normal women. However, the HH group is heterogeneous and estimating the ovarian reserve before treatment is not always possible in this group.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the amino acid levels in adolescent pregnancies. According to this study, some amino acid levels were lower in adolescent pregnancies and associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Further studies with maternal and perinatal outcomes are needed to demonstrate the effects of these amino acids in such pregnancies.

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We aimed to investigate the value of fourth day serum estradiol levels in predicting cycle outcome in poor responders. The medical records of 426 patients with low oocyte yield following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) treatment for a procedure in our institution's center for ART between 2008 and 2013 were evaluated. Eighty-eight patients exhibiting poor ovarian response (POR) were included in the study. The clinical outcomes of IVF/ICSI were compared based on the basal hormone profile, clinical, and laboratory parameters. Cycle day 4 E2 levels below 110 pg/ml had an odds ratio of 6.05 (95% CI 2.33-15.7; p50.001) for embryo transfer. The early follicular response to ovarian stimulation can be anticipated with the cycle day 4 estradiol levels during COH. When a low day 4 serum estradiol level is encountered, abandoning the current COH and proceeding with agents that increase ovarian response to ovarian stimulation before the next treatment cycle can be a realistic approach.

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