Different solvent extracts of the aerial parts of Senna italica (Mill.) were investigated for their chemical constituents and biological activities. Moreover, bio-guided fractionation led to isolation and identification of six compounds, namely: physcion (1), emodin (2), 2-methoxy-emodin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 1-hydroxy-2-acetyl-3-methyl-6hydroxy-8-methoxynaphthalene (tinnevellin) (4), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (rutin) (5), and 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene (6). The chemical structures of these compounds were established via 1D and 2D 1 H-and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts as well as compound 3 were evaluated for their anticancer activity against tumor cell lines. The tested extracts showed a moderate to weak activity, while compound 3 showed a moderate activity against human liver cancer (Hep G2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines with IC 50 values of 57.5 and 42.3 μg/mL, respectively. Both ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with different strengths, i.e., ethyl acetate exhibited antimicrobial activity against seven test microbes while n-butanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microbes. This is the first report for the isolation of compound 3 as a new compound from S. italica growing in Egypt.

Different solvent extracts from the aerial part of Prosopis farcta growing in Egypt have been biologically evaluated by studying their antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the chemical analysis using GC/MS has been performed for the promising extracts n-hexane and methylene chloride, and this analysis led to the identification of twenty six and thirty two compounds respectively from n-hexane and methylene chloride. The major compound identified in the n-hexane is (Z) 9,17octadecadienal (10.60%) while for methylene chloride is tricosanoic acid (9.24%). In addition, chromatographic isolation of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts resulted in the isolation of four compounds which were identified as; dihydrokaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (1), apigenin (2), 4′methoxyquercetin (tamarixetin) (3) and acacetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside (4). n-hexane and methylene chloride showed moderate antimicrobial activities against three microbes for each, that is, Shigella spp., Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris for n-hexane and Erwinia spp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermis for methylene chloride. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate showed higher antimicrobial activities against Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Likewise nbutanol extract showed higher activity against Shigella spp., Erwinia spp., E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. epidermis and Candida albicans. Moreover, the anticancer activities were evaluated against four human tumor cell lines namely; HepG-2, HeLa, PC3 and MCF-7. The n-butanol extract showed the highest activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC 50 of 5.6 μg/ml compared to 5-fluorouracil with IC 50 of 5.4 μg/ml, while the ethyl acetate showed the highest activity against Hela cell line with IC 50 of 6.9 μg/ml compared to 5-fluorouracil with IC 50 of 4.8 μg/ml. Also, the inhibition percentages (I%) of ABTS radical were 83.1, 82.0, 87.2 and 87.0% respectively for the n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid with 89.2%. In, conclusion the different extracts of P. farcta aerial part showed promising antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities, in which may be return to their identified bioactive secondary metabolites.

The objective of the present work was to establish the antimicrobial activity of four species of Melaleuca (i.e. Melaleuca leucandron, Melaleuca armillaris, Melaleuca linarifolia, & Melaleuca ericifolia) methanolic extracts and five species of Syzygium (i.e., Syzygium samaragense, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium gratum, Syzygium paniculatum & Syzygium malaccense). To research the chemical composition of the most promising extracts, as well. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against four pathogenic microbial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), while the chemical composition was calculated by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry method (GC/MS). For the genus of Melaleuca, S. After therapy, aureus pathogens were inhibited with their methanolic extracts with an 8.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli with a 0.0-21.0 mm inhibition zone size, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 9.0-18.0 mm, and A. Niger with an inhibition zone scale of 0.0-15.0 mm. Whereas, for the genus Syzygium, S. After treatment with their methanolic extracts, aureus pathogens were inhibited with a 10.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli, with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-14.0 mm, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-21.0 mm, and A. Niger with a range of inhibition zones of 0.0-9.0 mm. The IC50 values in the DPPH assay ranged from 34.60 to 60.97μg/ml for the species Melaleuca. The IC50 values for the Syzygium species ranged from 29.81 to 52.95μg/ml compared to 7.35μg/ml for the normal ascorbic acid. GC/MS research showed that Syzygium gratum’s methanolic extract consists of 39 compounds comprising 99.08 percent, with Veridiflorol (7.16 percent) and 2-methyl, 3-Hexanone being the main compounds (5.74 percent ). While Melaleuca armillaris’ methanolic extract consists of 30 compounds comprising 97.66%, with Veridiflorol (18.36%) and Globulolol compounds being the key compounds (12.57 percent ).

Background: Desert truffles (Terfezia species) are known by their vital nutritional benefits as they are considered as rich sources of vitamins, fatty acid, minerals and proteins. Methods: The chemical constituents of the different solvent extracts of Terfezia species were isolated and identified by column chromatography, spectroscopic and GC-MS analyses. Also, the ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of different fungal isolates, associated Terfezia, after grown on rice medium were screened for their antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities via disc agar plate, micro culture tetrazolium (MTT) and 2,2-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzo-thiazolin-sulphonate] (ABTS) assays, respectively. The promising fugal strains were molecularly identified by 18SrRNA tool. Results: Bio-guided separation of methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Terfezia species led to identification of nine compounds namely; (R)-4,8-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethyl-6- methoxy isochroman-1-one (1), 4-deoxy-4α-phorbal-12-(2,3-dimethyl)butyrate-13-isobutyrate (2), oxyphylline B (3), terfezien A (4), latilagascene D (5), amaiouine (6), senbusine acetate (7), terfezien B (8) and marinoquinoline D (9). Moreover, sixteen compounds were identified in the n-hexane extract via GC-MS analysis, accounting for 93.69% of the total detected components in the extract. While, twenty five components were detected in the methylene chloride extract, representing 43.86% from total detected components in the extract. Eight fungal strains were isolated from Terfezia sp., powder by serial dilution methods and these fungi were cultivated on solid rice medium. Also, their ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were subjected to biological studies including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. The three potent fungal strains (1M, 4M and 8M) were identified by the molecular technique 18SrRNA as Aspergillus niger 1M-EGY-IQ, Penicillium crustosum 4M-EGY-IQ, and Fusarium proliferatum 8M-EGY-IQ for 1M, 4M and 8M, respectively. Conclusion: Terfezia sp., comprise a rich source of bioactive compounds and could be considered as an interesting candidate for the treatment of infectious diseases.