Purpose Although depression has adverse effects on all aspects of university students' quality of life, fewer studies have been conducted in Bangladesh; which was investigated herein. Design and Methods A cross‐sectional study was carried out among 1844 students enrolled at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to investigate the explanatory power of the variables predicting depression in this population. Findings Depression prevalence was 28.7%; and female gender, first‐year student status, substance use, past‐year physical and psychological illness, stressful life events, family psychiatric history, and personal suicidal behaviors were the main risk factors. The final model considering all the studied variables explained 23.5% of the variance in depression. Practical Implications Effective psychological help services, awareness and intervention programs, and so on, should be implemented to reduce students' psychological burdens.

Wrong-way driving (WWD) has been problematic on United States highways for decades despite its rare occurrence. Since WWD crashes are rare, recent researchers have studied WWD non-crash events such as WWD 911 calls and WWD citations to understand the overall nature and trend of WWD. This paper demonstrates the regional nature of the WWD problem and proposes regional transportation systems management and operations (TSM&O) solutions to combat this problem. Specifically, it was found that 11% of all WWD multi-data events (e.g., multiple 911 calls for the same WWD event) involved travel from one county to another. Additionally, 30% of all WWD single-data and multi-data events occurred at or near interchanges between two limited access highways in counties with multiple operating agencies. This indicates that a significant proportion of WWD events could potentially travel from one limited access facility to another. Moreover, 28% of WWD events occurred on limited access facilities shared by multiple operating agencies. To emphasize the regional nature of WWD, this paper determined the vulnerable demographic groups in different regions of Florida by developing WWD crash and citation prediction models. The models’ findings indicate that certain demographic groups (e.g., elderly drivers) increase WWD risk. The models’ results can be used to improve driver education and increase law enforcement presence in high risk WWD locations. Regional TSM&O solutions, such as coordination and communication among agencies and traffic management centers (TMCs), law enforcement co-location with TMCs, and strengthening statewide TSM&O programs to manage WWD events are also proposed.

In this study, we developed a compartmental SIRD model to analyze and forecast the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh during the third wave caused by the Indian delta variant. With the help of the nonlinear system of differential equations, this model can analyze the trends and provide reliable predictions regarding how the epidemic would evolve. The basic reproduction number regarding the pandemic has been determined analytically. The parameters used in this model have been estimated by fitting our model to the reported data for the months of May, June, and July 2021 and the goodness of fit of the parameter’s value has been found by the respective regression coefficients. Further, we conducted a sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number and observed that decreasing the transmission rate is the most significant factor in disease prevention. Our proposed model’s appropriateness for the available COVID-19 data in Bangladesh has been demonstrated through numerical simulations. According to the numerical simulation, it is evident that a rise in the transmission rate leads to a significant increase in the infected number of the population. Numerical simulations have also been performed by using our proposed model to forecast the future transmission dynamics for COVID-19 over a longer period of time. Knowledge of these forecasts may help the government in adopting appropriate measures to prepare for unforeseen situations that may arise in Bangladesh as well as to minimize detrimental impacts during the outbreak.

Wrong-way driving (WWD) can result in severe crashes. By responding quickly to WWD dispatch calls, law enforcement officers (LEOs) could stop the wrong-way vehicle before a crash occurs. This paper analyzed law enforcement (LE) response times to WWD dispatch calls in Florida between January 2003 and April 2018 to determine significant effects. The average LE response time was much lower for 2013 onward than before 2013. Average response time was lower during nighttime and in urban areas and was higher for county roads and toll roads. Two ordinal logit models were also developed. These models found that dispatch calls closer to regional traffic management centers or rest areas, in urban areas, or on state roads or local roads typically had lower response times than calls not in these locations. In addition, WWD dispatch calls on toll roads had lower response times than calls on non-toll limited access facilities. Intelligent transportation system (ITS) WWD countermeasures with flashing signs, detection devices, cameras, and direct communication with traffic management centers also help LEOs respond quickly to detected WWD events and more accurately identify the vehicle’s location. As of June 2018, these technologies located at 70 toll road exit ramps in Florida have prompted 307 wrong-way drivers to turn around, possibly preventing nine crashes and saving LEOs over 116 h. The results of this research can help identify locations where increasing LEO presence or installing ITS WWD countermeasure technologies could help reduce WWD response time and WWD crashes, potentially saving lives.

Illegal U-turns on freeways and toll roads are risky maneuvers that sometimes result in the turning vehicles causing various types of collisions or disturbances to approaching traffic. These illegal U-turn maneuvers can occur at traversable grass medians and emergency crossovers. Limited literature was found regarding the impact of illegal U-turns on these facilities. Therefore, to understand the roadway and median characteristics that could influence drivers’ propensity to commit illegal U-turns, a sequential modeling methodology was adopted. This methodology combined a Poisson regression model with a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression procedure to predict the cited violations at traversable median segments. Additionally, a logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of a cited violation at official use only emergency crossovers. These models included illegal U-turn citations and crashes for the Orlando and Miami metropolitan areas in Florida from 2011 to 2016. The findings indicated that the average distance between access points, median width, speed limit, segment length, and distance to nearest segment were significant in predicting cited violations at traversable medians. Furthermore, the distance to the nearest interchange, distance to the nearest adjacent crossover, and median width were significant in predicting the probability of a cited violation occurring at an emergency crossover. This study helps agencies to predict the locations of illegal U-turn violations and to prioritize roadways for possible treatment to minimize the potential risk of head-on or other collisions due to illegal U-turn events.

This paper observes the level and trends of HIV/AIDS epidemic and its awareness in Bangladesh. The HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Bangladesh is 0.01% and in compared to other neighboring countries Bangladesh has least prevalence. The trend of HIV/AIDS prevalence in Bangladesh is increasing. The highest prevalence rate is found in Nepal and its trend is found decreasing over the years. The trend of number of death due to AIDS in Bangladesh is increasing. The estimated number of death due to AIDS in Bangladesh is 68in 2001 which is gradually increasing and in 2015 it stands at 868. The highest number of death due to AIDS is found in Pakistan and its trend is also increasing. The theoretical trend of HIV/AIDS prevalence in Bangladesh forecast that the prevalence rate will be 0.021%in 2020. The trend of HIV/AIDS awareness level in Bangladesh is found to be increasing over the year. The awareness level in Bangladesh is about 80% in 2014 among which male are 90% and female are 70%. Finally, from the result of the present study it can be conclude that with the increase of the awareness level the number of new HIV infection in Bangladesh tends to decrease.

Splenic cysts are rarely detected, and clinically diagnosed commonly as spleenomegaly . Thenature of the cyst could not be diagnosed pre-operatively because of its’ anatomical location andonly be confirmed by the histopathological assessments. These cysts are found as a sequel ofsplenic infarct followed by the abscess formation. This is a very rare condition of a minor boy ofonly 10 years’ old who presented with a hugely enlarged spleen. The common investigation(s)did not prove that it was in the haematological conditions. Ultrasonogram (USG) investigationshows spleenomegaly due to the cystic lesion. CT scan of the abdomen showed large andwell defined cystic mass which was 13.4cmX7.9cmX15.3cm in size, multi-loculated, septated,sharply demarcated as such well delineated cyst. After necessary preparation like vaccination,blood grouping, cross matching and other fitness, laparotomy and total spleenectomy was doneas the cyst occupied most of the Splenic tissue. The post operative recovery was uneventful andthe final diagnosis was confirmed by histopatholgical examinations as epidermoid cyst of thespleen. The patient was followed up for two consecutive months and not a single complicationwas noticed. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.177-180

The emergency shoulder use (ESU) was implemented in Florida in September 2017 to facilitate mass evacuation before Hurricane Irma made landfall on the shores of Florida. ESU was implemented on the northbound I-75 for about 39 h and eastbound I-4 for about 6 h when the left shoulders were opened for use as travel lanes. This study discusses the operational and safety effects of ESU. The operational effects of ESU were studied and compared with other alternatives including one-way operation (contraflow) and both left and right shoulder use. The findings showed the left shoulder ESU could be an effective alternative to one-way operation. The one-way operation was not a preferred method as it can only be operated during the day time, requires massive resource allocation, and hampers emergency services reaching to different parts of the state. However, ESU on the left shoulder offers minimal disturbance to traffic and is easy to deploy. The safety impact analysis was performed by conducting a descriptive statistical comparison of crash types, severity, and other relevant factors during ESU operations. The crash analysis showed that the observed number of crashes on an urban I-75 segment during ESU operation is commensurate with normal operation with saturated traffic conditions, in contrast a rural segment experienced a higher observed crash rate than the predicted rate with saturated traffic conditions. The predictive analysis of ESU crashes also showed that ESU implementation helped to reduce the expected number of crashes significantly.