Parathion (PA) one of the organophosphorus pesticides, is widespread in agriculture crops. Several studies reported the detection of this pesticide residue in food at high concentrations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine the accumulation of iodine [ 125 I] labeled parathion ([ 125 I] PA) in mice organs and to study the protecting reflex of dried banana peel. In this study, two groups of mice were used. Iodine [ 125 I] labeled parathion (10 mg/kg body weight) was applied only to one group of mice. Meanwhile, [ 125 I] PA (10 mg/kg body weight) and dried banana peel (20% were added to the diet) were applied to the other group of mice. The mice were injected by [ 125 I] PA through the tail vein and were given the dried banana peel through the mouth. The mice were kept under observation for 180 min. for monitoring. The result of the first group of mice, which was injected with [ 125 I] PA, only indicated that [ 125 I] PA was distributed primarily in the kidneys (18.6%), liver (18.9%), and intestine (6.11%), after 180 min. In the second group of mice which received both [ 125 I] PA, and dried banana peels, [ 125 I] PA accumulated at a lower percentage in the kidneys (10.2%), liver (5.2%), and intestine (4.67%) after 180 min. These results indicated the decrease of [ 125 I] PA in the liver and kidneys could be due to the effect of dried banana peels, and draw attention to the use of agricultural waste to remove pesticide residues contaminating food and feed.
Soil contamination by pesticide residues is a major concern due to their high soil persistence and dangerous effect on humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect and determine the concentration of pesticide residues in agricultural soil samples. Agricultural soil samples were collected from three Egyptian governorates and were extracted using the QuEChERS method and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of twenty different pesticide residues (approximately 43% of the tested pesticides) were detected in agricultural soil samples obtained from the three governorates. South Sinai was heavily contaminated by pesticides, with a total concentration of 0.505 mg/kg, followed by Ismailia (0.207 mg/kg) and North Sinai (0.075 mg/kg). According to its use in agriculture, the percentage of pesticide residues detected revealed that 60% of the pesticides were fungicides and 35% were insecticides. In Ismailia governorate, carbendazim was detected in 40% of agricultural soil samples. In North Sinai governorate, boscalid and chlorpyrifos were detected in 66.66% of the soil samples. In South Sinai governorate, thiophanate-methyl, metalaxyl, and carbendazim were detected in 50% of the soil samples. This study revealed the presence of different pesticide residues in Egyptian agricultural soil samples, which can affect agricultural products grown on contaminated agricultural soil. The accumulation of mixtures of pesticide residues in soil constitutes mostly toxic chemicals that are a worldwide environmental issue that must be considered in the agricultural production sustainability assessment. These results could be used as a base for designing environmental maps to cover the pesticide residue contamination that affects agricultural crops in Egypt.
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