Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy linked with high levels of morbidity and mortality in developing countries due to delayed diagnosis. This research assessed the knowledge of signs and risk factors of breast cancer and practice of self breast examination (SBE) among female nurses in a rural tertiary Hospital. Eighty-five nurses ages 20 to 60 years were sampled by simple randomization over a period of eight weeks through a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. The analysis was done using statistical package for social science version 17. Sixteen (15.3%) nurses had adequate knowledge of breast cancer, having a relative with breast cancer (51.8%) and a woman of any age (56.5%) were recognized by majority as risk factors for breast cancer. Majority (68.2%) were not practicing monthly SBE and not confident on how to do it. This study pointed out the gaps in the knowledge and awareness of breast cancer and practice of SBE among the nurses. Opportunity should therefore be sought in various health facilities to educate nurses who are supposed to be closer to the patients.
Aims: To assess the level of social support and determine the relationship between depression and social support among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Study Design: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Place and duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Medical Out Patients (MOP) clinic of Jericho Specialist Hospital, Ibadan between 1st of August and 30th of September 2017. Methodology: Systematic sampling technique was used to recruit 273 type 2DM patients who were 40 years and above, receiving care at the MOP clinic for at least 3months. Diabetes-related information was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Zung self-rating scale and multidimensional perceived social support scale were used to assess depression and social support respectively. Independent t-test was used to determine the relationship between depression and social support and the level of significance was set at p<.05. Results: Half (50.5%) of the respondents were diagnosed in the past 5 years as having type 2 DM, 79.5% had hypertension as a co-morbidity and 51.6% had good glycaemic control. The prevalence of depression was 27.5%, mild and moderate depression were 26.4% and 1.1% respectively and none had severe depression. One hundred and two (37.4%),56.0% and 6.6% respondents had high, moderate and low social support respectively. The highest social support scores 5.9 + 1.7 was from family. Total perceived social support was higher among non-depressed diabetic respondents. There was a significant difference between the mean total support in the depressed and non-depressed group (4.88 ± 1.41 vs 4.50 ± 1.24, p = .03). Conclusion: Type 2 DM patients who had high social support were less depressed, therefore, clinicians managing DM patients should explore the social support enjoyed by such patients to achieve good health outcome.
Aims: To determine the 10-year cardiovascular risk (CV) and its association with socio-demographic characteristics of hypertensive patients. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Family Medicine Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between June 2013 and September 2013. Methodology: We included 345 hypertensive patients (84 men, 261 women) aged 30 years and above with no clinical history suggestive of cardiovascular disease. Data collection was with an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire, physical examination and blood investigation. CV risk was determined by using General Framingham cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care. Results: The mean+ SD age of the 345 respondents was 57.4+9.7 years and 75.7% were female. High proportion of the respondents (42.3%) were in the high CV risk category of 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease while 27.0% and 30.7% had intermediate and low CV risk respectively. CV risk was significantly associated with age (p < .001), sex (p < .001), family type (p= .047), level of education (p=.02), employment status (p<.001) and occupational class (p=.007). Logistic regression showed advanced age (OR=0.014, 95% CI =0.002-0.094) and male gender (OR=26.765, 95% CI = 8.802-81.383) as the predictors of high CV risk. Conclusion: The findings show that CV risk assessment should be part of patients’ evaluation by physicians and necessary intervention should be instituted on time in order to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in Nigeria.
Aim: Cancer of the cervix is the third most common cancer among women worldwide, and in Nigeria it is the second most common female cancer. Infection with the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an increased risk of prevalent, incident and persistent squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) of the cervix. The aim was to determine the level of awareness of cervical cancer screening test and the development of premalignant cervical lesions among HIV positive women. Study Design: A Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study:The study was carried out in the HIV clinic and general outpatient clinic of Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-ekiti, Ekiti state Nigeria. It was carried out from July to September 2015.2 Methodology: The study was carried out among 65 HIV-positive and 65 HIV-negative women. Data were collected from the interviewees. Participants also had Pap smear. Data collected were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 19. Results: The mean age was 39.73 (±8.57) and 40.98 (±10.68) among the HIV positive and negative women respectively. Only 27.7% of the HIV-positive women compared to 56.9% of the HIV negative women had heard of cervical cancer with P= 0.001. The level of awareness of cervical cancer screening test was 15.4% and 50.8% among the HIV positive and negative women respectively (P= 0.001). The prevalence of premalignant cervical lesions among the study and control groups was 26.2% and 16.9% respectively. This showed that premalignant cervical lesion was more prevalent among HIV-positive women though not statistically significant (P=0.201). However, using risk ratio (RR), the risk of developing cervical lesions is 1.55 times more in HIV exposed women than HIV negative women. Conclusion: There is therefore need for the Physicians to use every opportunity to counsel their clients on the need for routine cervical cancer screening especially in adult HIV clinics.
Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that currently affects over 366 million people worldwide and its prevalence is likely to double by 2030. Therefore, the need to screen for diabetes mellitus has become an impetus. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of dysglycaemia and significance of familiar risk factors for diabetes mellitus among the study population. One hundred and thirty-two and 48 consecutive non-previously diagnosed DM and previously diagnosed DM patients respectively were recruited from the same clinic. An interviewer administered questionnaire was applied and blood samples were taken for blood glucose. The prevalence of dysglycaemia was 36.2% and only 40.6% of the diabetic patients who did fasting blood glucose had glycaemic control. Family history of Diabetes mellitus in the first generation was significantly associated with chance of developing diabetic mellitus in the study population. In conclusion, it is important physicians begin to be very proactive in the screening for blood glucose in order to detect them early and forestall complications that are associated with late diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
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