Cross-Sectional Study of Impact of Social Support on Depression among Type 2 Diabetics in a Secondary Health Care Facility in Southwest Nigeria

Abstract

Aims: To assess the level of social support and determine the relationship between depression and social support among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
 Study Design: This study was a cross-sectional survey.
 Place and duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Medical Out Patients (MOP) clinic of Jericho Specialist Hospital, Ibadan between 1st of August and 30th of September 2017.
 Methodology: Systematic sampling technique was used to recruit 273 type 2DM patients who were 40 years and above, receiving care at the MOP clinic for at least 3months. Diabetes-related information was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Zung self-rating scale and multidimensional perceived social support scale were used to assess depression and social support respectively. Independent t-test was used to determine the relationship between depression and social support and the level of significance was set at p<.05.
 Results: Half (50.5%) of the respondents were diagnosed in the past 5 years as having type 2 DM, 79.5% had hypertension as a co-morbidity and 51.6% had good glycaemic control. The prevalence of depression was 27.5%, mild and moderate depression were 26.4% and 1.1% respectively and none had severe depression. One hundred and two (37.4%),56.0% and 6.6% respondents had high, moderate and low social support respectively. The highest social support scores 5.9 + 1.7 was from family. Total perceived social support was higher among non-depressed diabetic respondents. There was a significant difference between the mean total support in the depressed and non-depressed group (4.88 ± 1.41 vs 4.50 ± 1.24, p = .03).
 Conclusion: Type 2 DM patients who had high social support were less depressed, therefore, clinicians managing DM patients should explore the social support enjoyed by such patients to achieve good health outcome.

Insomnia and common mental disorder among patients with pre-existing chronic non-communicable diseases in southern Ethiopia: a survey during COVID-19 pandemic

“…This could be associated with the fact that those who did not have social support throughout the pandemic are more vulnerable to mental illness since their social health is disrupted ( 61 ). Furthermore, a lack of social support has a detrimental effect on self-care, adherence, and the ability to react to or deal with stressful events, and it may lead to the development of depression ( 90 ). Also, perceived social support may help individuals resist and successfully cope the risk factors associated with their mental health ( 91 ).…”

Depression among an Immigrant Black Population of African Origin resident in Canada

“…The demographic data were subjected to descriptive statistics using frequency analysis. The distribution of the 9-item depressive symptoms measured by the PHQ-9 was carried out using frequency analysis according to the critical threshold scores of having minimal depression (0-4), mild depression (5-9), moderate depression (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderately severe depression (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and severe depression (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). To examine the socio-demographic predictors of depression among Nigerian immigrants in Canada, the primary data were subjected to Logistic regression.…”

“…Contributing factors to poor health and mental disorders among immigrants include; living conditions and endemic diseases in immigrants' countries of origin; social, political, and environmental conditions associated with the immigration process; and social isolation, cultural con icts, poor social integration and social support, low socioeconomic status, and racial discrimination [13,14]. Low levels of social support have been associated with depression in previous studies among Nigerians [15][16][17][18]. Nigerian immigrants living in new immigrant destinations may be unable to receive support from family members thus, may be susceptible to depression.…”

Influence of perceived social support on depression among Type 2 diabetes patients: a concurrent cross-sectional mixed-method study

“…It also has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients [11,14,16,17]. In a study carried out in Nigeria, depression was less amongst T2DM patients with social support and clinicians were thus encouraged to explore social support in their management for good health outcome [18]. Amankwah-Poku and colleagues also emphasized the need for psychosocial care to be incorporated into diabetes management in Ghana [19].…”