A model is presented for the prediction of the fluid dynamic behaviour of binary suspensions of solid particles fluidized by Newtonian fluids. The equations of motion for the fluid and solid phases are derived by extending the averaged two-fluid equations of change for identical spheres in Newtonian fluids developed by Anderson and Jackson and Jackson. A new closure relationship for the fluid-particle interaction force is employed and a new numerical algorithm is developed to control the solid compaction in each particle phase. The article also presents a comparison between three different equations of closure for the particle-particle drag implemented within the model. Predictions of the fluidization behavior obtained by the proposed model are validated against experimental results in terms of solid mixing and segregation, bed expansion and bubble dynamics. Two-dimensional CFD simulations are performed in a bed of rectangular geometry using ballotini with particle sizes of 200 and 350 lm.
This work seeks to validate two-dimensional CFD simulations of gas-solid-fluidized beds of two Geldart Group B industrial powders, natural and synthetic rutile used in the titaniumrefining industry, using a commercial code CFX-4.4. Experimental data on bed height, bubble diameter, and bed voidage are compared with those from simulations. Both qualitative and quantitative results are presented in this paper. Results obtained on bubble diameters from simulations are also compared with predictions using the semiempirical correlation by Darton et al. 1
This work presents the validation of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model recently developed by Owoyemi et al. [Owoyemi, O.; Mazzei, L.; Lettieri, P. CFD modeling of bidisperse fluidized suspensions and investigation of the role of particle−particle drag on mixing and segregation. AIChE J.
2007, 53 (8), 1924−1940] for the simulation of bidisperse fluidized suspensions. The paper focuses on the fluidization of industrial rutile powders used in the titanium refining industry. Results are presented on the experimental and numerical investigation into the mixing and segregation behavior of a bidisperse fluidized mixture of natural rutile (flotsam) and slag (jetsam), which differ in size, having mean diameters of 186 and 305 μm, respectively, and having the same density of 4200 kg/m3. Three different average compositions, corresponding to the average mass fraction of jetsam particles of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 in the bed were considered. Computational results obtained for mixing and segregation patterns, bed expansion, and bubble dynamics are validated against experimental data.
The offshore Brunei fields have been producing for over 40 years with 50 platforms and over 400 wells. Historically the predominant method of artificial lift used in the field has been gas lift with significant gas compression infrastructure on the main producing complex. The project is part of a new larger waterflood project that is expected to increase recovery from this field. This phase aims to produce an underdeveloped, shallower area of the field using electrical submersible pumps (ESP) as the lift method.
The well jackets are small, and the use of a workover rig requires a barge for support. This limitation increases the costs of a traditional ESP workover. The long-term economics of traditional offshore ESP projects were marginal and required greater than industry standard ESP run life. In 2016 it was decided to perform a review of an alternative slickline-deployed ESP system to reduce workover costs.
A pilot project of 4 wells was commissioned. Learnings from the project include: Equipment technical qualificationEquipment design and selectionManufacturing processInstallationOngoing operations, including intervention to replace retrievable componentsWell performance summary.
The insights and benefits from these first installations in the region will aid other operators in considering slickline-conveyed ESP systems. The potential benefits include improved recovery, lower workover costs, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The reduced power requirements of the technology and the avoidance of heavy workovers to change out downhole equipment are primary benefits that have wide application in offshore and remote onshore operations.
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