Salmonella
spp. is an important foodborne agent of salmonellosis, whose sources in humans often include products of avian origin. The control of this bacterium is difficult especially when
Salmonella
spp. is organized into biofilms. We hypothesized that the novel nanocomposites of ZnO nanocrystals doped with silver (Ag) and silver oxide (AgO) nanocrystals (ZnO:Ag-AgO) synthesized by the coprecipitation method could control or prevent the formation of
Salmonella
Enteritidis (SE) and
Salmonella
Heidelberg (SH) biofilm and its entry into turkey eggs. The diffraction characteristics of ZnO and AgO showed sizes of 28 and 30 nm, respectively. The Zn to Ag substitution into the ZnO crystalline structure was evidenced by the ionic radius of Ag+2 (1.26 Å), which is greater than Zn+2 (0.74 Å). For the SE analyses post-biofilm formation, the ZnO:Ag-AgO was not able to eliminate the biofilm, but the bacterial load was lower than that of the control group. Additionally, SE was able to infiltrate into the eggs and was found in both albumen and yolk. For the SH analyses applied onto the eggshells before biofilm formation, the ZnO:Ag-AgO treatment prevented biofilm formation, and although the bacterium infiltration into the eggs was observed in all treated groups, it was significantly smaller in ZnO:Ag-AgO pre-treated eggs, and SH could not reach the yolk. There was no difference in pore size between groups; therefore, the inhibition of biofilm formation and the prevention of bacterium entry into the egg were attributable to the use of ZnO:Ag-AgO, which was not influenced by the egg structure. Although the amount of Ag and Zn in the shell of the ZnO:Ag-AgO group was greater in relation to the control, this difference was not detected in the other egg components. In the search for new measures that are effective, safe and viable for controlling microorganisms in poultry farming, the application of a nanocomposite of Ag-doped ZnO and AgO nanocrystals appears as an alternative of great potential to prevent
Salmonella
sp biofilms in eggshells and other surfaces.
The glass-shelled egg has various points on the surface with light gray coloration, which becomes more visible with the passage of egg storage period. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stage of embryonic mortality, egg weight during the incubation period, hatch window, and quality of chicks at hatch from glass-shelled egg. The research was divided into two parts. In the first part, 80 eggs from 45 weeks old hens were incubated, being half normal eggs and half glass-shelled eggs, while in the second part, 80 eggs from 70 weeks old hens from the same flock as the previous one were incubated. Again, half were normal shelled and half were glass-shelled eggs. No differences were observed for embryonic mortality, egg weight, hatch quality (hatch weight, uniformity, and navel quality), and hatch window between normal and glass-shelled eggs from hens of 45 and 70 weeks of age. However, there was higher contamination in glass-shelled egg from 70-week-old breeder hens. The results show that the presence of glass-shelled egg does not seem to interfere with the quality of the chick at hatch in the breed, ages, and studied conditions, but causes higher contamination in glass-shelled egg from 70-week-old breeder hens.
RESUMO Investigaram-se os efeitos de diferentes tempos de exposição ao calor sobre o rendimento de carcaça, cortes e vísceras comestíveis e a composição química da carne de peito de frangos de corte de duas linhagens. Foram alojados 560 pintos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500 Slow® e 560 da Hubbard Flex® em 32 boxes. A partir do 14º dia, eles foram divididos nos ambientes térmicos: controle, uma hora, duas horas ou três horas diárias de estresse por calor. O rendimento de carcaça, peito sem osso, coxa e sobrecoxa com osso, asas, pés, fígado, moela e coração foi avaliado em seis aves de cada linhagem em cada ambiente térmico. Amostras foram obtidas para analisar matéria seca, extrato etéreo, proteína bruta e matéria mineral. O estresse cíclico por calor por até três horas diárias não influenciou o rendimento de carcaça, de peito sem osso, de coxa e sobrecoxa, de asa, de coração, de moela, de fígado e a composição química do peito. A linhagem Cobb 500 Slow® apresentou maior rendimento de peito. A Hubbard Flex® apresentou peito com maior percentual de matéria mineral e proteína. A linhagem Cobb é mais indicada à produção de peito, e a linhagem Hubbard à produção de frango inteiro.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.