Prevention is better than treatment, and the establishment of meticulous oral hygiene and surgical procedures prior to commencing BP treatment is important for preventing BIOJ. Our review summarizes the current knowledge about this severe complication. Future studies, especially basic research studies, are needed to better understand this devastating disease.

Objectives. The aim of this systematic review is to study the causes of odontogenic chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis (CMRS), the average age of the patients, the distribution by sex, and the teeth involved. Materials and Methods. We performed an EMBASE-, Cochrane-, and PubMed-based review of all of the described cases of odontogenic CMRS from January 1980 to January 2013. Issues of clinical relevance, such as the primary aetiology and the teeth involved, were evaluated for each case. Results. From the 190 identified publications, 23 were selected for a total of 674 patients following inclusion criteria. According to these data, the main cause of odontogenic CMRS is iatrogenic, accounting for 65.7% of the cases. Apical periodontal pathologies (apical granulomas, odontogenic cysts, and apical periodontitis) follow them and account for 25.1% of the cases. The most commonly involved teeth are the first and second molars. Conclusion. Odontogenic CMRS is a common disease that must be suspected whenever a patient undergoing dental treatment presents unilateral maxillary chronic rhinosinusitis.

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Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that hypopharyngeal SCCs presenting high levels of HLTF have a worse prognosis. The quantitative determination of HLTF in hypopharyngeal SCCs was an independent prognostic marker alongside tumour node metastasis staging. HNSCCs expressed the truncated HLTF variant lacking the domains involved in DNA repair.

The helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) belongs to the SWI/SNF family of proteins that use the energy from adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis to remodel chromatin during a variety of cellular processes. HLTF is also involved in DNA repair. Using computer-assisted microscopy, the immunohistochemical expression of HLTF was determined using a series of 100 hypopharyngeal and 56 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) compared to tumor-free epithelia (60 cases) and dysplasias (92 cases). In hypopharyngeal SCC tumor progression, increased HLTF expression was associated with the percentage of immunopositive epithelial tissue areas (p=0.02) and the staining intensity of the positive area (p=0.0005). In the cases of laryngeal lesions, the immunolabeling intensity of HLTF significantly decreased with malignancy (p=0.01). We also observed a significant shift of HLTF expression from the cytoplasm toward the nuclear compartment (p=0.0007). Our data reveal an association between the presence of HLTF and neoplastic progression of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal SCCs.

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