Over the last couple of years, industry operators' associations issued requirements towards an end-to-end management and orchestration plane for 5G networks. Consequently, standard organisations started their activities in this domain. This article provides an analysis and an architectural survey of these initiatives and of the main requirements, proposes descriptions for the key concepts of domain, resource and service slicing, end-to-end orchestration and a reference architecture for the end-to-end orchestration plane. Then, a set of currently available or under development domain orchestration frameworks are mapped to this reference architecture. These frameworks, meant to provide coordination and automated management of cloud and networking resources, network functions and services, fulfil multi-domain (i.e. multi-technology and multioperator) orchestration requirements, thus enabling the realisation of an end-to-end orchestration plane. Finally, based on the analysis of existing single-domain and multi-domain orchestration components and requirements, this paper presents a functional architecture for the end-to-end management and orchestration plane, paving the way to its full realisation.
The EuQoS (End-to-End QoS over Heterogeneous Networks) IST Integrated European Project aimed to define a Next Generation Network architecture that builds, uses and manages end-to-end QoS across different administrative domains and heterogeneous networks (UMTS, xDSL, Ethernet, WiFi, Satellite and IP/ MPLS). The EuQoS architecture preserves the openness and the decentralized decision model of the actual Internet, runs on off-the-shelf hardware and network equipment, and allows end users to request various services without changing the Application Signaling protocol, while meeting regulators' and users' Net Neutrality requirements. This paper presents the key elements of the EuQoS architecture and describes the main results obtained in field trials performed on a fully-functional EuQoS system prototype developed over a pan-European testbed. Furthermore, the paper discusses the main strengths of the system and the issues related to its actually deployment on a large scale, from both technical and market points of view.
a b s t r a c tThe EuQoS (End-to-End QoS over Heterogeneous Networks) IST Integrated European Project aimed to define a Next Generation Network architecture that builds, uses and manages end-to-end QoS across different administrative domains and heterogeneous networks (UMTS, xDSL, Ethernet, WiFi, Satellite and IP/ MPLS). The EuQoS architecture preserves the openness and the decentralized decision model of the actual Internet, runs on off-the-shelf hardware and network equipment, and allows end users to request various services without changing the Application Signaling protocol, while meeting regulators' and users' Net Neutrality requirements. This paper presents the key elements of the EuQoS architecture and describes the main results obtained in field trials performed on a fully-functional EuQoS system prototype developed over a pan-European testbed. Furthermore, the paper discusses the main strengths of the system and the issues related to its actually deployment on a large scale, from both technical and market points of view.
International audienceAbstract: Segment Routing is a new architecture that leverages the source routing mechanism to enhance packet forwarding in networks. It is designed to operate over either an MPLS (SR-MPLS) or an IPv6 control plane. SR-MPLS encodes a path as a stack of labels inserted in the packet header by the ingress node. This overhead may violate the Maximum SID Depth (MSD), the equipment hardware limitation which indicates the maximum number of labels an ingress node can push onto the packet header. Currently, the MSD varies from 3 to 5 depending on the equipment manufacturer. Therefore, the MSD value considerably limits the number of paths that can be implemented with SR-MPLS, leading to an inefficient network resource utilization and possibly to congestion. We propose and analyze SR-LEA, an algorithm for an efficient path label encoding that takes advantage of the existing IGP shortest paths in the network. The output of SR-LEA is the minimum label stack to express SR-MPLS paths according to the MSD constraint. Therefore, SR-LEA substantially slackens the impact of MSD and restores the path diversity that MSD forbids in the network
International audienceSegment Routing (SR) architecture is a promising technology. It is being standardized in collaboration between vendors and service providers. Through its simplistic control plane and the reuse of existing data planes namely MPLS and IPv6, SR helps operators to reduce the Operation Expense (OpEx) and the Capital Expense (CapEx). In the instantiation of SR over the MPLS data plane (SR-MPLS), a SR path gets encoded as a label stack that the ingress nodes push onto the client packet. However, the longer the path in term of traversed nodes the bigger the stack gets. In this demonstration, we couple the capabilities of an SDN controller and a path encoding engine to reduce that size of the label stack to express segment routing paths
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