Background
The emergence of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae has prompted the development of rapid molecular assays designed to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. One common assay uses high-resolution melt analysis to target codon 91 of the gyrase A gene (gyrA) to predict N. gonorrhoeae susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.
Methods
We extracted DNA from remnant clinical specimens that had previously tested positive for N. gonorrhoeae using the Aptima Combo 2 for CT/NG assay (Hologic, San Diego, CA, USA). We selected DNA extracts from specimens with indeterminate, WT and mutant gyrA genotype results from a previous study using high-resolution melt analysis to detect the gyrA codon 91 mutation. We re-tested those specimens using the recently CE-marked ResistancePlus GC (beta) assay (SpeeDx, Sydney, Australia).
Results
Of 86 specimens with indeterminate gyrA genotypes on high-resolution melt analysis, the ResistancePlus GC (beta) assay (SpeeDx) identified 30 (35%) WT, 22 (26%) mutant and 34 (40%) indeterminate gyrA genotypes.
Conclusions
The ResistancePlus GC (beta) assay showed improved N. gonorrhoeae gyrA genotype determination compared with a prior gyrA genotypic high-resolution melt assay.
discriminating influence were Lactobacillus, Anaerococcus, and Staphylococcus. In crude analysis, cytokines TNF-a/IP-10/IL-10 were elevated among MSWomen (p<0.05, each); IL-8 did not differ by group; IL-1b was higher among MSM (p=0.03). Cytokine concentration increased in response to Corynebacterium (IL-8/TNF-a/IP-10/IL-1b), Gardnerella (IL-8/IP-10/IL-1b), Veillonella (IL-8/IP-10/IL-1b), and Peptoniphilus (IL-8/IL-1b). Microbiome composition did not account for the difference in TNF-a, IP-10, or IL-10 between groups; the difference in IL-1b became non-significant after accounting for taxa. Among MSWomen, IL-1b (p=0.01) and IL-8 (p=0.05) were elevated if the female partner had BV. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first comparison between MSM and MSWomen of penile microbiome and urinary cytokines. Future studies should examine whether microbiome and mucosal inflammation differences between MSM and MSWomen cause differential risk of HIV/STI acquisition or differential impact on efficacy of HIV/STI interventions. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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