Non-cholerae Vibrio species and Shewanella species are organisms that rarely infect humans. Symptoms can range from gastroenteritis to wound infections to septicemia. In addition, these infections can lead to multiple poor outcomes ranging from amputations to death. We present a case of an 11-year-old male with prepatellar bursitis of the right knee due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Shewanella algae following an open wound in the Gulf of Mexico complicated by retained oyster shell fragments. He completely recovered after removal of the foreign bodies and organism-directed antimicrobial therapy with ciprofloxacin and doxycycline.
<p class="paragraph">Evaluating the impacts of climate change, be that on health, critical infrastructure, biodiversity, agriculture, economic impacts or any other sectors, requires a multi-sector, multi-scenario analysis.&#8239; Such analysis is only possible though integrated impact assessment models within a framework architecture&#8239;that can handle the associated complexities of generating harmonized results from a heterogenous set of models and drivers. Addressing these challenges, the&#8239;OpenCLIM framework has been developed to collate existing models from across sectors to form an open,&#8239;extensible&#8239;framework<span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">,</span> <span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">which </span>explores the impacts of climate change in a consistent, -scenario and -scale approach, using Great Britain as a case study.&#160;</p> <p class="paragraph"><span class="normaltextrun">Domain</span>-<span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">based</span>,<span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">&#8239;siloed approaches are no longer suitable for assessing climate change impacts and integrated assessment platforms where&#8239;compound&#8239;cross-sector risks can be assessed</span> are&#8239;now integral and expected. To this end,&#8239;the OpenCLIM project has developed a novel, open framework, enabling the hosting of models for assessing climate hazard risks and&#8239;potential impacts. The nature of the framework enables the coupling of disparate models to explore&#8239;challenges<span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)"> consider</span><span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">ing</span> trade-offs between possible&#8239;interventions, such as the change in risk from increased temperatures when flood management&#8239;infrastructure&#8239;<span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">policy is applied to reduce flood&#8239;risk, or&#8239;the density of new&#8239;buildings is changed.</span>&#160;</p> <p class="paragraph"><span class="normaltextrun">Implemented on the&#8239;DAFNI (Data and Analytics Facility&#8239;for National Infrastructure) platform, the framework uses the concepts of workflows in which models can be coupled&#8239;</span><span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">and run with data and parameterisation passed between models while datasets are available&#8239;within a shared data archive.&#8239;A set of tools, or adaptors, to support coupling&#8239;enable the ease of use and integration of new models into existing workflows, new workflows, or coupling of existing workflows. This&#8239;flexible framework creates a powerful integrated impact assessment model,&#8239;and when coupled with accessible data resources, such as climate scenarios and</span><span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)"> socio-economic datasets, offers a platform for assessing the impacts of&#8239;climate change across domains.</span><span data-ccp-props="{">&#160;</span></p> <p class="paragraph"><span class="normaltextrun">An example of the&#8239;</span><span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">OpenCLIM</span> platform is the assessment of the impact of flooding using the City Catchment Analysis Tool (CityCAT<span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">). Climate projections suggest a global increase in extreme rainfall events and the&#8239;</span><span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">subsequent</span> impact of flooding. Considering socio-economic changes to the urban environment, the&#8239;OpenCLIM workflows&#8239;couple&#8239;future narratives for the urban landscape&#8239;with flooding events of varying durations and intensities. Cost damage curves are then applied to assess the indicative economic cost of damages,&#8239;<span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">facilitating</span> comparisons between population density changes, climate extremes and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies/adaptation options.<span data-ccp-props="{">&#160;</span></p> <p class="paragraph"><span class="normaltextrun">The </span>OpenCLIM&#8239;<span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">framework exemplifies an open, extendable, flexible integrated assessment model for climate impacts enabling cross-sector&#8239;and compound risks to be assessed from human,&#8239;</span><span data-ccp-parastyle="Normal (Web)">nature,</span> and economic aspects.&#8239; The concepts&#8239;and tools&#8239;explored and&#8239;resolved within the framework, although initially with&#8239;a GB focus, are&#8239;applicable beyond these bounds where models and data exist.&#8239;<span data-ccp-props="{">&#160;</span></p>
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