Background: Complications, especially delayed alveolar healing, are common following equine cheek teeth extraction, however, limited objective information is available on the prevalence and nature of these problems. Objectives: To document the type and prevalence of complications that occur following equine cheek tooth extraction and to identify possible risk factors for these complications that could be used to predict their occurrence and hopefully reduce their prevalence. Study design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Clinical records of all cheek teeth extractions performed between February 2004 and September 2018 were examined and written questionnaires sent to owners. Details of post-extraction complications were analysed and logistic regression was used to evaluate potential associations between the likelihood of post-extraction nonhealing alveolus managed by the authors and the variables: age, breed, reason for extraction, Triadan position and extraction technique. Results: Post-extraction complications were recorded following 58/428 extractions giving an overall complication rate of 13.6%, that caused a longer term clinical problem in 34/428 (7.9%) cases, with complications being asymptomatic or quickly selfresolving in the other 24 cases (5.6%). The most frequent complication was alveolar bone sequestration, including alveolar infection. Risk of developing a post-extraction alveolar disorder managed by the authors (n = 53) increased following extraction of the mandibular 06s, 07s or 08s compared with all other cheek teeth combined (P = .001); for cheek teeth with apical infections (P = .002) compared with those without; and following repulsion or minimally invasive transbuccal extraction (MTE) than following oral extraction (P = .01 and P = .02 respectively). Main limitations: Length of time between exodontia and survey data collection for some cases, use of clinical records and survey data and biases associated with decision to treat. Conclusions: In agreement with previous studies, oral extraction had the lowest risk of complications. This study provides new information regarding the prevalence, types and risk of development of post extraction complications. Knowledge of these

No abstract

Routine plantar pouch investigation is warranted in cases of tarsocrural OCD to provide further information on the health of the joint and allows for removal of fragments from the plantar pouch that may not have been identified by routine diagnostic radiography.

Background Chronic oroantral fistulae (OAF) with secondary sinusitis can occur following repulsion of cheek teeth in horses.Case Report An 8-year-old Andalusian cross gelding presented with an iatrogenic clinical crown fracture of tooth 209, which underwent repulsion of its apical portion (day 0). The horse was treated with intramuscular penicillin and intravenous gentamicin (5 days), followed by oral trimethoprim-sulphonamide (10 days) and then oral doxycycline (14 days). The acute iatrogenic OAF created during the initial repulsion persisted; a chronic OAF was identified on day 24. On day 48, septic sinusitis with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli was confirmed. Although susceptible to enrofloxacin in vitro, 30 days of therapy was unsuccessful. Subsequent serial cultures grew multiple MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) gram-negative microorganisms. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed multiple sequence types of E. coli, with a range of resistance and virulence genes. The orientation of the OAF, regional osteomyelitis and septic sinusitis were confirmed with computed tomography on day 70. On day 74, enteral nutrition was provided through a cervical oesophagostomy tube for 3 months for prevention of oral feed contamination. The OAF was treated with various alternative therapeutics, including apple cider vinegar, propolis and amikacin impregnated products, until resolution on day 116. ConclusionThese non-conventional therapeutics, antimicrobials and long-term oesophagostomy contributed to the successful treatment of a complicated OAF. In the future, WGS may be useful to inform antimicrobial selection when MDR or XDR organisms are identified.

6Concurrent proximal suspensory desmopathy and injury of the proximal aspect of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon in forelimbs and hindlimbs 19The relationship between foot conformation, foot placement and motion symmetry in the equine hindlimb R. F. AGASS, A. M. WILSON, R. WELLER AND T. PFAU 20The effect of hindlimb studs on movement symmetry in horses during lungeing H. SHARP, T. PFAU AND S. HOPKINS 20The relationship between working equids and women in developing countries Foreword and AcknowledgementsThis supplement contains a diverse selection of abstracts addressing clinical research from many disciplines. Topics that are particularly well represented this year include endocrinology, laminitis, critical care and spinal disease. The only consistent feature is the very high standard. This year, BEVA has devoted an extra two sessions to abstracts, but despite this increased time, the selection process was difficult due to the large number of excellent submissions. Over the last 10 years or so, Clinical Research Abstracts have progressively risen in stature and it is now the go-to place for cutting-edge, clinically relevant information delivered in a concise and highly professional manner. This is where Congress attendees will find the snippets of information to take straight back to practice to effect changes in the way of case management. By publishing this supplement in EVJ, BEVA hopes to make this new and relevant research available to those who have not been able to attend the Congress in person. Perhaps, this supplement will inspire some readers to make the trip next year. This year's BEVA Congress Clinical Research Abstracts have involved a more detailed review process than in the past. Brief reports on the abstracts under consideration were obtained from two peer reviewers before being graded, and ultimately selected by a subset of the Congress Scientific Programme Guardians: Renate Weller, Tim Barnett, Tom Witte, Neil Hudson and Janny De Grauw. We hope that the authors will find the feedback from reviewers constructive. I am extremely grateful to the peer reviewers, the CRA sub-committee and to James Crabtree and Matt Smith who completed the Programme Guardian team. David Hicks, Jane Woodley, Sue Wright and Anne Catchpole also deserve thanks for their contributions during the submission, appraisal and production phases of this Special Issue of EVJ. Editor-in-Chief, EVJ and Chairman BEVA 2014 Scientific Programme Guardians Objectives: To compare the sedative and hypoalgesic effects of 4 dosages of butorphanol in xylazine-premedicated donkeys. Celia M Marr Congress Session Sponsors Study design:In vivo experiment. Methods:Six donkeys received intravenous treatments: saline and saline (S-S); xylazine (0.5 mg/kg bwt) and saline (X-S); xylazine and butorphanol 10 μg/kg bwt (X-B10); xylazine and butorphanol 20 μg/kg bwt (X-B20); xylazine and butorphanol 30 μg/kg bwt (X-B30); and xylazine and butorphanol 40 μg/kg bwt (X-B40). Sedation score (0-3), head height above ground (HHAG),...

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether a clamped drill guide can be used effectively to drill across equine distal third metacarpals and metatarsals and to compare accuracy and speed of a drilling with a hand-held drill guide. Study Design Eighty equine cadaver limbs were divided between four surgeons with varying experience. The limbs were randomly allocated to clamped or hand-held drill guides and placed in a stand in an upright/standing position on a metal table. Drilling times from cis- to trans cortices were measured. Post-drilling computed tomography images were used to assess drilling deviations in the dorsopalmar and proximodistal directions. Results Mean proximodistal deviation of the drill hole was distad for both guides and significantly (p = 0.01) less for the clamped drill guide +0.35° (range: –5.42°, +6.61°, standard deviation [SD] ± 3.18°) than the hand-held drill guide +2.05° (range: –5.24°, +9.81°, SD ± 3.69°). Mean dorsopalmar/plantar deviation was non-significantly (p = 0.17) less for the clamped drill guide −0.27° (range: −9.72°, +6.58°, SD ± 3.57°) than the hand-held drill guide +0.60° (range: −9.74°, + 12.33°, SD ± 4.51°). Mean time taken to drill from cis to trans cortex was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter with the clamped drill guide (41.2s) than the hand-held guide (56.6s). Conclusion The clamped drill guide could be used successfully on the equine distal third metacarpals and metatarsals and resulted in some improved accuracy and reduced drilling time compared with the hand-held guide. The use of the clamped drill guide in vivo could be supported. This may be of benefit for certain fracture repairs in equids.