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Dogs treated with aspirin (10 mg/kg) or indomethacin (1.5 mg/kg) 45 min before, and 3 h after, an LD50 dose (1 mg/kg) of E. coli endotoxin were alive 72 h later. Although all dogs in both treated groups survived, only those treated with indomethacin were protected against the fall in blood pressure 1–2 min following endotoxin. Endotoxin increased the level of prostaglandin F2α in both the mixed venous and arterial blood. No increase was observed in the aspirin and indomethacin‐treated groups. Aspirin and indomethacin treatment did not modify thrombocytopaenia or blood coagulation parameters following endotoxin.

Article:Stone, M.R., Naftaly, M., Miles, R.E. et al. (2 more Abstract-We present experimental characterization of semilarge photoconductive emitters, including their electrical/photoconductive parameters and terahertz spectra. A range of emitters were studied and fabricated on both LT-GaAs and SI-GaAs, having a variety of electrode geometries. The spatial cone of terahertz radiation was defined. The dependencies of the photocurrent and the terahertz power on the bias voltage and the laser power were determined. A Fourier-transform interferometer is used to determine the terahertz spectra and to clarify the effects of the substrate and electrode geometry.

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The Beirut terrorist bombing on October 23, 1983, caused 234 immediate deaths and injured at least 112 survivors. Military medical records were available for each casualty; postmortem examination reports were available for each immediate fatality. This represented a unique opportunity to assess type, incidence, treatment, and outcome of neurological injuries suffered in a mass casualty terrorist bombing situation. Three categories of neurological injuries are described: head injuries, spine and spinal cord injuries, and peripheral nerve injuries. The following types and numbers of injuries occurred among the 112 immediate survivors of the explosion: 37 head injuries--28 concussions, 20 scalp lacerations, 13 skull fractures, 6 facial bone fractures, 4 cerebral contusions, 5 dural lacerations, 2 cerebrospinal fluid fistulas, and 2 intracerebral hematomas; 2 spine or spinal cord injuries--1 cervical and 1 thoracolumbar spine fracture associated with neurological deficit; and 9 peripheral nerve injuries--1 facial nerve palsy, 2 brachial plexus palsies, 1 median and 1 radial nerve palsy, and 4 peroneal nerve palsies. Among 234 immediate fatalities, the types and numbers of neurological injuries were: 167 head injuries--93 scalp lacerations, 85 skull fractures, and 24 facial bone fractures; and 22 spine and spinal cord injuries--15 cervical and 7 thoracolumbar fractures. Seven of the 112 immediate survivors died; 4 of these deaths were related to severe head injuries. The treatment and outcome of survivors with neurological injuries is briefly described. One-third of the immediate survivors who suffered either a scalp laceration or a concussion had a concomitant skull fracture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1 Dogs treated with lidocaine (1 mg kg-' h-1) or indomethacin (1.5 mg/kg) before and after an LD60 dose (1 mg/kg) of E. coli endotoxin survived for at least 72 h.2 Although all dogs in both treated groups survived, only those treated with indomethacin were significantly protected against the fall in the arterial blood pressure 1 to 2 min following endotoxin administration.3 Endotoxin increased the plasma prostaglandin F2Q (PGF2,) concentration in the control and lidocaine-ireated groups, however, no increase was observed with indomethacin treatment. 4 Neither lidocaine nor indomethacin alone had any significant effect on the parameters measured in this model.5 Following the administration of endotoxin, lidocaine-treated animals had significantly decreased plasma fibrinogen concentrations when compared to the other groups.6 This study suggests that lidocaine, a local anaesthetic and a drug widely used for cardiac arrhythmias, might offer protection in endotoxin shock. ImtrodUctiomPrevious work in this laboratory (Fletcher, Herman & Ramwell, 1976a;Fletcher, Ramwell & Herman, 1976b;Fletcher & Ramwell, 1977) has documented increased plasma prostaglandin concentrations following the administration of endotoxin intravenously in dogs and primates. The increases in prostglandins were related in time to changes in circulatory function. Therapeutic doses of analgesic-antipyretic drugs given before and after administration of endotoxin diminished the early haemodynamic changes and prevented the increase in the prostaglandins, but failed to improve the survival in the lethal (LD1oo) baboon model. In contrast, in the LD50 dog model, these drugs did improve the survival and the early circulatory function while inhibiting the synthesis of the prostaglandins. Although the prostaglandins were elevated as early as 1 to 2 min after the endotoxin administration, their relationship to the pathophysiology of endotoxin shock is unclear.The analgesic-antipyretic drugs do improve circulatory function and survival in canine endotoxin shock but the exact mechanism by which they exert a beneficial effect is unknown. We demonstrated (Fletcher & Ramwell, 1977) that while indomethacin or aspirin

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