AGROBIODIVERSITY f o r i m p r o v i n g n u t r i t i o n , h e a l t h a n d l i f e q u a l i t y 2018
The current study aimed to identify correlative and regressive dependencies between the water iodine concentration and the levels of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs), and thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) in the serum of 168 in patients (34 men and 134 women) with a hypothyroid form of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis who use water from the supply network and individual wells. Based on the water iodine concentration, low and moderate degrees of iodine endemia in the location of the patients were determined. In the groups of men and women using water from different water supply sources, there were direct correlations between the water iodine concentrations and the TgAbs and TPOAb titers as well as an inverse dependence between iodine and TSH levels. Multivariate regressive analysis indicated that TgAb and TSH in the group of women using water from a supply network and TPOAb titers in the group of women using well water were independent factors associated with water iodine concentrations. Statistically significant correlations and regressive dependencies between the water iodine concentrations and the biomarkers of the thyroid status of the patients indicate the risk of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis progression, especially among women with additional iodine intake.
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important cultured fish species in Poland. The aims of our study were to determine the concentration of essential minerals in the muscle tissue of carp obtained from a pond culture and to compare the content of these minerals with the physiological norms of nutrition for the Polish population, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), and Estimated Average Requirements (EAR). The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk by assessment of the Estimated target hazard quotients (THQ), total target hazard quotients (ΣTHQ), and carcinogenic risk were also studied. The muscle tissue of the carp was rich in macroelements. The pattern significance gradation of element concentrations was as follows: Na > K > Ca > P > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Cu > Mn > Cr > Se > Co. The concentration of toxic heavy metals in the samples was lower than the maximum allowable level of metals in food products. The risk of consumption of toxicants by an adult at a daily intake of 100 g of fish was 1.45% for Pb, 0.1% for Hg, 0.02% for Cd, and 0.02% for As, compared to the allowable daily intake for each toxicant. The value of the target hazard quotients of each metal was less than 1, indicating that the intake of a single metal through the consumption of carp meat does not pose a considerable health hazard. The total value of the target hazard quotients was also less than 1, indicating the safety of the combined effects of the chemicals. The major risk contributor was Pb with 82.9%, followed by Hg (9.38%), As (6.43%), and Cd (1.29%).
Although many species within the genus Ficus L. have been encompassed by pharmacological investigations in previous years, there are many species that have not been studied and whose ethnobotanical relevance is yet to be investigated. With this background, an attempt was made to study the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extracts of various plants belonging to the genus Ficus against fish pathogens. This is especially important in view of the increasing resistance of bacteria observed during the last years and is an alternative to antibiotic therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of Ficus lingua Warb. ex De Wild. & T. Durand leaf against fish pathogen-three Aeromonas strains (Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida). The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include the extraction of active compounds and antimicrobial activity assay by the disk diffusion technique. It was revealed that the leaf extract of F. lingua used in this study has bactericidal properties which make it very attractive for use in fish aquaculture. Its uses will reduce the side effects of applying synthetic compounds. The ethanolic extract obtained from leaves of F. lingua exhibited the maximum antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas sobria strain (inhibition zone diameter was 19.38 ±1.27 mm), Aeromonas hydrophila (16.06 ±1.05 mm), and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (11.25 ±1.16 mm). The most susceptible strain to the antimicrobial activity of F. lingua was Aeromonas sobria. However, further study is needed to determine the effects of the active compounds presented in the leaf extract of F. lingua on fish metabolism in in vitro and in vivo study. Present results suggest the possibility of using such extracts in in vivo studies in order to corroborate if it could be possible using those extracts in aquaculture in order to achieve protection against pathogenic infections.
The current study assessed health risks posed by exposure to metals from the consumption of Baltic Sea trout (Salmo trutta L.). Concentrations of essential minerals in sea trout muscles were determined and compared with the physiological requirements of these minerals in Polish nutrition standards, recommended dietary allowances (RDA), and estimated average requirements (EAR). Chemical analyses indicated that sea trout was rich in phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. The pattern significance gradation of the element concentrations was as follows: P>Ca>Mg>Na>K>Fe>Zn>Cu>Se>Mn>Co. Sea trout consumption can provide a considerable portion of the RDA of copper, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, iron, and zinc. The ranking order of the mean toxic element concentrations in sea trout muscle tissues was As>Pb>Cd>Hg. Potential risk estimated with the hazard quotient (HQ) indicated that most metals posed no health risk because they did not exceed reference doses at HQ < 1. For carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects, the maximum allowable rates of sea trout consumption were sufficiently high to ensure human health. According to these data, the consumption of farmed sea trout from the Baltic Sea in the northern region of Pomerania, Poland did not pose a risk to human health.
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