The cold gas-dynamic spray (CGDS) technique is utilized for repairing processes of a large number of metallic components in mechanical and process engineering, such as bridges or vehicles. Fine particles impacting on the component surface can be severely deformed and penetrate into the defects, filling and coating them, resulting in possible protection against corrosion or crack propagation. This work focuses on the investigation of the impact behavior of cold sprayed particles with the wall surface having microdefects in the form of cavities. The collision of fine single particles with the substrate, both made from AISI 1045 steel, was simulated with the finite element method (FEM) using the Johnson–Cook failure model. The impact phenomena of particles on different microdefect geometries were obtained and compared with the collision on a smooth surface. The particle diameter and defect were varied to investigate the influence of the size on the deformation behaviour. The different impact scenarios result in different temperature and stress distributions in the contact zone, penetration and deformation behavior during the collision.
The paper deals with the comparative study of archetypal images of causality in English, Dutch, Spanish, Ukrainian, and Russian sayings. The object of the research is the category of causality represented in the human mind as a sentential (syntactic) concept with ten causal dominants (cause, reason, condition, concession, purpose, effect, conclusion, result, consequence, means). The subject matter of this paper covers etymons and archetypal images of the causal dominants in five related languages. The objective to compare archetypal images of causality reconstructed based on the English, Dutch, Spanish, Ukrainian, and Russian sayings can be achieved through solving such tasks as follows: specifying the source for archetypal images reconstruction; identifying the etymons for the causal dominants in studied languages; elaborating the archetypal images of causality based on the sayings from near-related (English and Dutch, Ukrainian and Russian), and far-related (English and Spanish, English and Ukrainian, English and Russian) languages. The major linguistic method employed to achieve the objective is a comparative and historical one, including the results of etymological analysis presented in the dictionaries. Relevant methods also include structural (immediate constituents and componential analysis) and contextual-interpretative ones. The present actual language data for the research were taken from different etymological dictionaries and sayings from the languages under study. The obtained results confirm that the reconstruction of etymons of causal dominants, as well as of the archetypal images of causality in different languages enables gaining important information about the peculiarities of causal thinking and psychology of various ethnic groups. In addition, the ability of the archetypes to be modified by penetration into the consciousness of people and filling the empty signs with the data of conscious experience is revealed.
Анотація. Робота присвячена пошуку шляхів підвищення ефективності двовального лопатевого змішувача. Змішування матеріалу є важливим і невід'ємним етапом практично в кожному промисловому виробництві і Пріоритетним напрямком технічного прогресу в промисловості є вдосконалення технологічних процесів, заміна морально і фізично застарілого обладнання. Для аналізу ефективності існуючих конструкцій лопатевого змішувача представлені результати дослідження потоків часток матеріалу в робочій зоні апарата, які досліджувалися шляхом моделювання процесу в CAЕ-комплексі. В статті приведений алгоритм розрахунку потоку часток в програмному комплексі EDEM, розроблено розрахунковий та аналітичний аналіз ефективності перемішування трьох видів змішувачів. Для підвищення ефективності двовального змішувача запропоновано змінити конструкцію лопатей та їх кут встановлення. Дослідження показали, що двовальний змішувач з лопатями під кутом 45° має найбільшу ефективність перемішування, яка становить 91,7 %.
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