Current response to intervention models (RTIs) favor a three-tier system. In general, Tier 1 consists of evidence-based, effective reading instruction in the classroom and universal screening of all students at the beginning of the grade level to identify children for early intervention. Non-responders to Tier 1 receive small-group tutoring in Tier 2. Non-responders to Tier 2 are given still more intensive, individual intervention in Tier 3. Limited time, personnel and financial resources derail RTI’s implementation in Brazilian schools because this approach involves procedures that require extra time and extra personnel in all three tiers, including screening tools which normally consist of tasks administered individually. We explored the accuracy of collectively and easily administered screening tools for the early identification of second graders at risk for dyslexia in a two-stage screening model. A first-stage universal screening based on collectively administered curriculum-based measurements was used in 45 7 years old early Portuguese readers from 4 second-grade classrooms at the beginning of the school year and identified an at-risk group of 13 academic low-achievers. Collectively administered tasks based on phonological judgments by matching figures and figures to spoken words [alternative tools for educators (ATE)] and a comprehensive cognitive-linguistic battery of collective and individual assessments were both administered to all children and constituted the second-stage screening. Low-achievement on ATE tasks and on collectively administered writing tasks (scores at the 25th percentile) showed good sensitivity (true positives) and specificity (true negatives) to poor literacy status defined as scores ≤1 SD below the mean on literacy abilities at the end of fifth grade. These results provide implications for the use of a collectively administered screening tool for the early identification of children at risk for dyslexia in a classroom setting.

RESUMO -Testou-se a acurácia de atividades pedagógicas coletivas, baseadas em julgamentos fonológicos por meio do pareamento entre figuras e de figuras com palavras faladas, na identificação de escolares de risco para transtornos da atenção e da leitura em sala de aula. Quarenta e cinco escolares do 2º ano (idade média de 7 anos, 29 do gênero masculino), foram divididos em grupo controle, sem dificuldade de leitura-escrita (n=32), e grupo de risco, com dificuldade de leitura (n=13). O baixo desempenho nessas atividades, definido como os escores acima de 1,65 DP abaixo da média do grupo controle, apresentou boa sensitividade (verdadeiros positivos) e especificidade (verdadeiros negativos) na identificação precoce dos escolares de risco. Palavras-chave: dislexia, transtornos de aprendizagem, educação Early identification of attention and reading disorders in the classroomABSTRACT -In this his study the accuracy was investigated of collective pedagogical activities, based on phonological judgments by matching figures and figures to spoken words, to identify students at risk for reading and/or attention disorders. Forty-five second graders (mean age of 7 years, 29 males) were divided into two groups, a control group, without reading difficulties (n=32), and an at-risk group, with reading difficulties (n=13). The low-achievement on these collective activities, defined by scores more than 1.65 SD below the mean of the control group, presented good sensitivity (true positives) and specificity (true negatives) in the early identification of at risk students.

RESUMO Em Psicogênese da Língua Escrita, Ferreiro e Teberosky relatam uma pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento da leitura-escrita. A estrutura teórico-metodológica é fornecida pelo construtivismo de Piaget: a criança ativa constrói seu conhecimento na interação com o meio - neste caso a língua escrita - e se desenvolve ao longo de estágios. De Chomsky, as autoras emprestam a ideia de um dispositivo inato para a aquisição da linguagem, generalizando-a para a aquisição da leitura, que seria aprendida tão naturalmente quanto a fala. Um terceiro marco interpretativo é a abordagem Whole Language, cujo foco principal da leitura deve ser a busca pelo significado. Apresentam-se uma análise de contradições internas do texto e uma confrontação deste com parte da literatura referenciada na própria obra.

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