Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) cannot be considered a "shrunken" of large enterprises. They are highly heterogeneous, usually have more informal organizational characteristics, and do not have departments dedicated explicitly to corporate social responsibility (CSR) tasks. Therefore, research on CSR in SMEs faces many challenges. The situation is a complex phenomenon, primarily because the nature of CSR is influenced by the environment uniqueness in which it is studied or practiced. This paper aims to identify the main themes of qualitative research on CSR in SMEs. The Web of Science database was chosen to identify relevant literature, and the research focuses only on peer-reviewed articles published in English up to November 2022. The resulting dataset was created by selecting articles with a qualitative or combined approach. A total of 21 articles published in 10 journals were identified. The published studies contained the following research streams: 1. SMEs' CSR activities and reasons for involvement, 2. Ethical values of the entrepreneur or owner-manager and their impact on SMEs' social responsibility, 3. Relationships with stakeholders, 4. The nature of SMEs' social responsibility implementation. The findings of this study contribute to the CSR literature and have important practical implications for SME managers. The conclusion also formulates questions to stimulate the potential for further research.
Entities in tourism seek an economic, social, and environmental balance to satisfy investors, employees, and customers. However, the transformation toward sustainable tourism is accompanied by challenges. The submitted contribution aims to determine how companies in the field of tourism in the Czech Republic perceive content of the concept of sustainability and whether they implement or plan to include specific projects to support sustainability within their activities. The primary research was conducted in 2021-2022. Only half of the respondents correctly understand content of the concept of corporate social responsibility, and 63 % of respondents correctly understand the concept of sustainable business. The evaluation of the research hypotheses showed that understanding the content of the idea of sustainable business and awareness of the Green Deal for Europe is independent of the age of the respondents. The implementation of CSR activities is independent of the size of the company or the field in which the company operates. Specific sustainable activities implemented by companies in tourism include sorting waste, supporting local production, using gentle cleaning products, or implementing energy-saving technologies. The main obstacles to implementing sustainability strategies are financial and time demands, little information, and partial support from the state and the European Union.
The sharing economy expands and becomes a significant part of tourism, contributing to economic development. The Lithuanian tourism sector is changing from an internal perspective and is influenced by various external macro-environment factors. Currently, as the tourism sector recovers, not only on a national but also international scale, to achieve rapid development of the tourism sector, and assess the importance of one of the biggest catalysts of the tourism sector - the sharing economy, the research aim is to determine the macroeconomic factors that have the influence on the sharing economy in the tourism sector, Lithuania. This research will help policymakers and other stakeholders to create conditions for the sharing economy in the tourism sector for future development and growth in Lithuania. The paper is carried out in the following logical order. First, the literature analysis identifies the macro-environment vectors that significantly impact the development of the sharing economy. The further analysis identifies specific parameters that, according to various literature reviews, influence sharing economy's development in the tourism sector. Further research is aimed at verifying coefficients of influential macroeconomic factors and impact directions by experts. The authors found a positive, most substantial medium-term relationship: between 21-49 years old population growth; increase in monthly income; higher education level of population; the number of households with children; consumer confidence index. The results suggest that the growth of these and other analyzed parameters would have the most influence while encouraging sharing economy's development in the tourism sector. The authors also analyzed other political, economic, sociocultural, technological, environmental, and legal parameters.
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