Background. In recent years, the proportion of young people with functional disorders and diseases of the cardiovascular system has increased, in the formation of which behavioral risk factors play an important role. Aim. To assess the risk of functional disorders developing in young people aged 1825 depending on social status and lifestyle. Material and methods. An observational one-stage uncontrolled study, the object of which was young people aged 1825 years (1978 people), was conducted. The study sample was divided into four groups: working (n=200) and studying (n=313) males, working (n=526) and studying (n=939) females. To assess the relative cardiovascular risk, the groups were divided according to social status, to assess the impairment of adaptive capabilities according to the presence of a behavioral risk factor. Comparison of independent groups was performed using the MannWhitney test. Testing null hypotheses about the absence of differences between the shares was carried out using the 2 test and calculating the odds ratio. Results. Relative cardiovascular risk was found in 21.8% of young people. The chances of risk occurrence were higher in males than in females (p 0.001), in working youth compared to students (p 0.001). The chances of reducing the adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system were 2.1 times higher in smoking males (p 0.001) and 2.6 times higher in smoking females (p 0.001) compared to non-smoking respondents. In males with excessive alcohol consumption, in females with irregular meals and low physical activity, cases of tension in the mechanisms of adaptation of the cardiovascular system were more often noted (by 1.8; 1.4 and 1.7 times, respectively) compared with control groups. Conclusion. The risk of functional disorders developing was more common in young males than in females, in workers in comparison with students; cigarette smoking in both sexes, alcohol consumption in males, irregular meals and low physical activity in females contributed to a decrease in the reserve capacity of the circulatory system.
Цель. Изучение фактического питания и пищевого статуса студентов по потреблению макронутриентов и индексу массы тела.Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовало 379 студентов средний возраст которых составил 20,1±1,5 лет. Обследование проводилось методом анализа частоты потребления пищи. Пищевой статус оценивался по показателю индекса массы тела. Обработку полученных результатов осуществляли с использованием пакетов статистических программ Statistica 10.0 и MicrosoftExсel 2010.Результаты. Основная часть студентов питалась три-четыре раза в день, нарушение режима питания (прием пищи менее 3 раз в день) выявлено у 23% девушек и 24% юношей. Оценка распределения калорийности пищи по ее приемам в течение дня показала, что 50% девушек и 58% юношей потребляли наибольшее количество пищи за вечерний прием.Оценка среднесуточного потребления энергии и макронутриентов выявила достоверные различия по половому признаку. При этом отмечено избыточное поступление с пищей энергии, за счет повышенного потребления белков и жиров у студентов обоего пола.Среднегрупповые значения индекса массы тела оценивались как нормальные у 66% студентов обоего пола. У 25% девушек и 17% юношей зарегистрирована недостаточная масса тела. Избыточная масса тела и ожирение отмечается у 10% девушек и 18% юношей. Получены достоверные различия по энергетической ценности рационов среди девушек имеющих недостаток массы тела и избыток. У юношей данной зависимости выявлено не было.Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования показали, что у 70% студентов питание не соответствует гигиеническим нормам и имеет преимущественно белково-жировую направленность.
Introduction. Health - is a complex and at the same integral multivariable dynamic state, developing in the process of realization of the genetic potential in a particular social and ecological environment, which permits a person to carry out its biological and social functions. Material and methods Health indices deteriorate with age. In this situation, special attention should be paid to older age groups. However, recent studies prefer to investigate young people. Data about health status of different age groups is not well investigated. Survey of 415 women aged 20 to 59 years residing on Yaroslavl region has been performed. Evaluation of age-related changes in health indices included questionnaire, morphological and functional examination, definition of physical development and adaptative potential according to the calculated indices and reference values. Results. The study examined the dynamics of health indices and established a statistically significant difference in the gain in body weight, blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, decreased lung capacity relative to body mass and adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system with the age. Analysis of the incidence showed that chronic diseases incidence has increased from 56% in the 20-29 years group to 88% among 50-59 years old persons. Diseases of cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system (48-49%) become predominant pathology with age. Evaluation of lifestyle shows that poor physical activity and sleep disorders were registered in 77% and 32% respectively regardless of age. Eating disorders were registered in 41% patients aged of 20-29 years. Ratio tobacco users decreased from 23% to 10% with age, while the number of cigarettes smoked per day was increased. Сonclusion. The study established the negative dynamics of health indices to be typical for women aged 20-59 years, while the rate of deterioration exceeds the average one in the Russian population. Self-preservation behavior is not predominant in all age groups, it is typical only for 3% of young women and 11-15% of other groups.
Introduction: Balanced diet is one of the principal factors of maintaining health; thus, actual nutrition monitoring is an important stage of disease prevention. The objective of the study wаs tо аssess the diet, macronutrient and micronutrient composition, and caloric balance of food. Materials and methods: Actual nutrition was studied in the autumn and winter periods by analyzing meal frequency among the high school pupils (Grades 10-11; the average age: 15.9±0.7 years). Results: The eating frequency of the schoolchildren ranged 2 to 6 without any marked differences between sexes. The analysis of distribution of the daily diet energy value showed that the majority of pupils received the maximum of food calories in the evening. Evaluation of the macronutrient composition of food demonstrated high protein and fat consumption accompanied by low consumption of complex carbohydrates in both sex groups against the background of the sufficient energy value of the diet. The contents of simple carbohydrates in the diet of both boys and girls were twice as much as the permissible values. The imbalanced diet led to changes in the micronutrient status of the schoolchildren with a more pronounced deficit of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron in girls. The deficit of vitamins B1, PP, and A was observed in all pupils. Undernutrition was more common in the young men while overnutrition prevailed among the girls. The risk group included 22.4% of the pupils with extreme values of the body mass index indicating pronounced changes in nutritional status. Normal BMI values were observed only in 40% of boys and in 38.3% of girls. Conclusions: We established that nutrition of the high school pupils was imbalanced and required correction.
Цель исследования-оценка физического развития юношей и девушек в возрасте 19-25 лет, проживающих на территории Ярославской области. Выборка формировалась из числа лиц, посетивших Ярославский региональный центр здоровья. В ходе работы обследованы 418 юношей и 1153 девушки. Соматометрию проводили по общепринятым методикам с измерением длины тела, массы тела, окружности бедер, окружности талии. Рассчитаны индекс массы тела (кг/м 2) и соотношение окружности талии к окружности бедер. Медианные значения длины и массы тела юношей составили 178 [174; 183] см и 73 [65; 83] кг, девушек-165 [161; 169] см и 58 [53; 65] кг соответственно. Медианные значения индекса массы тела входили в диапазон нормальных значений. Большинство обследованных имели гармоничное физическое развитие. К группе риска отнесены лица, имеющие отклонения в физическом развитиинедостаточную (6% юношей и 14% девушек) или избыточную (29% юношей и 15% девушек) массу тела, абдоминальное ожирение (11% юношей и 3% девушек). Дефицит веса чаще встречался среди девушек, избыточная масса тела и ожирение-среди юношей. Статистически значимые изменения длины и массы тела у ярославской молодежи 19-25 лет отсутствовали. Возрастные изменения в физическом развитии заключались в увеличении окружности талии и соотношения окружности талии к окружности бедер. Статистически значимые различия между девушками и юношами отмечены по всем изученным показателям, за исключением окружности талии. Ключевые слова: физическое развитие, длина тела, масса тела, окружность талии, окружность бедер, индекс массы тела, молодежь.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.