Introduction. The problem of solid household waste management, analyzed in the context of sustainable development, is relevant both in Russia and worldwide. On the one hand, it deals with vast legitimate and illegitimate landfills, polluting the environment. On the other hand, it deals with the depletion of natural resources and the potential usability of latent reserves of recyclable waste. It is inefficient to accumulate mixed waste and build recycling capacities, since they are accompanied by atmospheric pollutions. Separate collection of waste has a great potential. According to the estimates, Russia’s waste management system will move to a new level when local waste management companies come into operation. This new level will ensure environmental protection and higher standards of living. However, the intersectoral problem of separate waste collection cannot be solved by local waste management operators. This problem deals with urban development patterns and urban economies of the RF subjects, as well as the Russian industries, that use recyclable materials. Materials and methods. The co-authors have applied the system analysis of the research literature, statistical data and regulatory documents, as well as process modeling. Results. The co-authors have analyzed the engineering model of separate waste collection, implemented by residents of multi-family homes within the framework of the “nature – economic activities – nature” pattern. The accumulation of hazardous and oversized waste is organized as the separate subsystems of the waste management system implemented by the residents of a multi-family home. Conclusions. The co-authors propose to modify the system of household waste management to prevent the over-accumulation of substantial amounts of mixed household waste in waste containers near residential houses and in waste collection rooms. The introduction of ecologically friendly innovations is needed at each stage of the life cycle of any product.
Introduction. A promising direction of nature management, which allows avoiding the degradation of the biosphere, is the implementation of economic and other activities with minimal impact on nature. The state of health of the population is influenced by a complex of environmental factors. The load of atmospheric air is perceived by the respiratory organs, vision, and the skin. Water influences in the form of precipitation, both drinking and recreational. The direct effect of soil on human health occurs through direct contact with the skin, inhalation and oral intake into the body. Green spaces have a significant impact on the quality of urbanized soil, water and air, as well as the health of residents. The main aspect of environmental protection and maintaining a favorable microclimate in settlements is the preservation and recreation of the “green” fund. Materials and methods. Systematic analysis of scientific literature, statistical data, regulatory documents. Results. The dependence of Russians on the influence of sanitary and hygienic factors of the environment is shown. The dynamics of the indicator “green spaces” in the urban environment quality index for the group “largest cities” is considered. On the example of St. Petersburg, the satisfaction of residents with the sphere of landscaping the territories of city districts is shown. It is proposed to conditionally divide the main problems of the development of “green” infrastructure into groups. The conceptual principles that constitute the methodological basis for the creation of a “green” frame of a settlement have been determined. Formed a group of criteria for assessing the “green” infrastructure, which are indicators of technical progressivity and social significance, with predictive ability and consistency. Conclusions. The necessary and sufficient amount of green spaces, normalizing the quality of the urban environment, can have a positive impact on the physical and mental health of residents. Strategic planning for the development of the “green” infrastructure of the settlement, ensuring the viability of the green frame, should take into account all its elements and include landscaping of land plots adjacent to the territories of multi-family dwelling.
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