Principles of strategic planning for the development of “green” infrastructure of the urban environment

Abstract

Introduction. A promising direction of nature management, which allows avoiding the degradation of the biosphere, is the implementation of economic and other activities with minimal impact on nature. The state of health of the population is influenced by a complex of environmental factors. The load of atmospheric air is perceived by the respiratory organs, vision, and the skin. Water influences in the form of precipitation, both drinking and recreational. The direct effect of soil on human health occurs through direct contact with the skin, inhalation and oral intake into the body. Green spaces have a significant impact on the quality of urbanized soil, water and air, as well as the health of residents. The main aspect of environmental protection and maintaining a favorable microclimate in settlements is the preservation and recreation of the “green” fund.
 
 Materials and methods. Systematic analysis of scientific literature, statistical data, regulatory documents.
 
 Results. The dependence of Russians on the influence of sanitary and hygienic factors of the environment is shown. The dynamics of the indicator “green spaces” in the urban environment quality index for the group “largest cities” is considered. On the example of St. Petersburg, the satisfaction of residents with the sphere of landscaping the territories of city districts is shown. It is proposed to conditionally divide the main problems of the development of “green” infrastructure into groups. The conceptual principles that constitute the methodological basis for the creation of a “green” frame of a settlement have been determined. Formed a group of criteria for assessing the “green” infrastructure, which are indicators of technical progressivity and social significance, with predictive ability and consistency.
 
 Conclusions. The necessary and sufficient amount of green spaces, normalizing the quality of the urban environment, can have a positive impact on the physical and mental health of residents. Strategic planning for the development of the “green” infrastructure of the settlement, ensuring the viability of the green frame, should take into account all its elements and include landscaping of land plots adjacent to the territories of multi-family dwelling.

The significance of green spaces for protecting health of urban population

“…В 2020 г. индексы качества городской среды были подсчитаны для 1116 городов России, в том числе 15 городов с населением более 1 млн человек. Среди этих мегаполисов наиболее низкие показатели по критерию «озелененные пространства» получены для Омска, Екатеринбурга и Волгограда; самые высокие -для двух столиц, а также Уфы, Перми, Казани и Нижнего Новгорода [14]. Значения для Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга, по нашему мнению, требуют уточнения, так как зеленые насаждения в этих городах очень разрозненны.…”

“…Другой показательплощадь всей древесной растительности на одного человека -минимален в четырех городах (Челябинск, Пермь, Ростов-на-Дону, Волгоград) и максимален в Екатеринбурге и Новосибирске [3]. Как следует из анализа этой работы и исследования Дьячковой [14], в зависимости от используемых показателей состояния зеленых пространств оценки их количества несколько различаются. С целью оценки влияния зеленых пространств на здоровье в большинстве исследований используются различные показатели, преимущественно нормализованный относительный индекс растительности (NDVI), но он не может быть применен для оценки неоднородности зеленых насаждений.…”