The significance of green spaces for protecting health of urban population

Abstract

Green spaces (green infrastructure, green areas) are important components of urban environment. They are able to mitigate health outcomes of climatic risks, exposure to urbanization and adverse environmental factors. Bigger areas covered with plants should increase their accessibility for people living in cities. Analysis of the results reported in foreign studies that addressed influence of green spaces on public health proves that they promote physical activity by urban citizens, sports included, development of interpersonal communication and social interactions, improve mental health, and reduce prevalence of diabetes mellitus and other diseases. In some cases massive construction of residential housing and public buildings in Russian megacities and large cities led to reduction in green areas. The existing construction standards in Russia do not consider the recommendation of the WHO/Europe that requires accessibility of green spaces within a 15–20 minute walking distance and provision of 9 m2 of green spaces per person. Utility of green spaces for public health depends on evenness of their distribution. In case their distribution is mosaic, their benefits for public health and protection capacities are reduced. The present review shows the importance, needs and advantages of developing green infrastructure with continuous canopy that create potent green shading.

Untitled

“…-URL: https://ura.news/news/1052624187 (дата обращения: 20.04. 2023). 4 Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people [Электронный ресурс] // Our World In Data: COVID-19 Data Explorer.…”

“…We performed retrospective analysis of incidence and mortality at the national and regional levels. The analysis relied on departmental statistical data provided by Rospotrebnadzor as well as public data that described the intensive indicators of the COVID-19 epidemic process and results obtained by sequencing of biomaterial samples to identify COVID-19 in them in 2020-2023. In [2020][2021][2022][2023] we identified five 'waves' of the COVID-19 epidemic processes that interchanged sequentially. Within these waves, RF regions reached local peaks in incidence with different speed.…”

“…Наиболее частыми диагнозами, поставленными детям с нарушениями развития на первом году жизни, были следующие: перинатальная энцефалопатия (ПЭП), перинатальное поражение центральной нервной системы (ППЦНС), перенесенные внутриутробные (врожденные) инфекции (ВУИ) и врожденные пороки развития, гипосомия и дефицит массы тела, __________________________ Анализ риска здоровью. 2023 рахит, анемия, синдром вегетовисцеральных нарушений, экссудативно-катаральный диатез и дерматиты, гидроцефалия, эпилепсия, дисплазия суставов, аномалии сердца (открытое овальное отверстие (ООО), врожденные пороки (ВПС)), гидроцефально-гипертензивный синдром, паротрофия, миотонический синдром, задержка речевого развития (ЗРР), нейтропения и другие уточненные заболевания ЦНС, отиты, ОРВИ. Как можно видеть, подавляющее большинство из них возникли во внутриутробный период развития ребенка.…”