The purpose of this study was to identify men's co-responsibility in the negotiation process of dual protection, according gender, in their first and most recent sexual relationships, and their perception of the risk of STD/AIDS. We surveyed 750 males from 19 to 29 years of age in 2,250 randomly selected households in metropolitan Lima, Peru. The majority mentioned condoms as a contraceptive technique (95%). Their first sexual relationships occurred with a female friend, with a stable partner, or with a known woman. Almost half used some type of protection, principally condoms in order to avoid pregnancy, but their consistent and correct use was low. For 39.5%, the most recent sexual relationship was with a stable partner, a female friend or "known" woman, a wife, or a female co-resident. Dialogue about protection increased between the first and the most recent sexual relationships. The perception of risk of acquiring STD/AIDS was low, and they tended to use protection only with an "unknown partner".

SUMMARY Objective:To identify the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding sexuality, and sexual practices of female adolescent students in high schools located in Lima, Peru. Material and methods: A self-administered, anonymous survey was completed by 935 female adolescents aged 12-19 as part of a School-Based Sex Education Intervention Model. Questions concerned six areas: sociodemographic information; family characteristics; personal activities; attitudes and knowledge regarding sexuality; couple relationships and sexual experience; and use of contraceptives and pregnancy incidence. Results: Sexuality knowledge was found to be limited (mean=9.9) as measured through 20 basic questions. Females tended to primarily discuss sexuality with their mothers (43%) or their female peers (41%). Attitudes regarding sexuality and use of contraceptives were found to be positive, but some expressed ambivalent feelings regarding use of contraceptives. Of the sample, 8% had ever had sex and the age of sexual debut was 14. While 63% of the sample would use pills, 74% also gave reasons for not using them. Sexual activity was found to be related to age, ever having repeated a grade, talking about sex with her boyfriend or a male friend, if reasons for having sex are "pleasure or fun", having a boyfriend, and having had more than 2 boyfriends. Conclusions: Female adolescents in this sample were found to have limited knowledge regarding sexuality and contraception, ambivalent attitudes towards the use of contraceptives, although they were at risk of an unintended pregnancy or acquiring a STD. These findings clearly document a need for school and community interventions aimed at reducing sexual risk behaviors in adolescents and to assure appropriate contraceptive use in the near future. ( Rev Med Hered 1999; 10:49-61 ). Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos de sexualidad fue limitado (media=9.9) al ser medido a través de 20 preguntas básicas. Las mujeres conversaban mas sobre sexualidad con sus madres (43%) y con sus pares mujeres (41%). Las actitudes con respecto a la sexualidad y la anticoncepción fueron positivas pero algunas son ambivalentes con respecto al uso de anticonceptivos. El 8% de la muestra ya ha tenido relaciones coitales y la edad del primer coito fue de 14 años. Mientras que el 63% de las estudiantes usaría la píldora, el 74%, también, dió razones para no usarla. La actividad sexual se relacionó a la edad, si repitió de grado, si habla sobre sexualidad con el enamorado o amigo, si sus razones para tener relaciones coitales son "por placer o diversión", si ha tenido enamorado y si ha tenido mas de 2 enamorados. Conclusiones: Las estudiantes adolescentes en esta muestra tienen un conocimiento limitado en sexualidad y anticoncepción, actitudes ambivalentes en el uso de anticonceptivos, aunque ellas estuvieran en riesgo de un embarazo no planeado o de adquirir una ETS. Estos hallazgos señalan la necesidad de modelos de intervención en colegios y comunidades dirigidos a reducir las actitudes ambivalentes y los comporta...

This work explores the extreme violence against women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru, considering different restriction periods. This is relevant in view of increased violence against women. The objective of this work was to identify the feminicide and attempted feminicide during different quarantine periods due to the COVID-19 health emergency in Peru, and to determine the variables related to these. Data of administrative records of the cases of feminicide and attempted feminicide were analyzed. Our results show that cases of attempted feminicide occurred in higher proportions during the prequarantine period compared to the other periods. In the case of feminicide, its highest percentage occurred during quarantine with a relationship relatively intense when the victim has suffered physical and psychological violence. Also, we find that attempted feminicide was 4.3 times more likely to happen to urban resident victims, 7.9 times more likely when women suffered physical violence, and 7.4 times when they were victims of psychological violence. During quarantine, attempted feminicide was more likely when a victim lives in an urban area (3.5 times), when the victim suffered physical and psychological violence (21.7 and 5.2 times, respectively), and 3.1 times more likely when the attempted feminicide occurred inside the household. The cases of attempted feminicide that occurred during restrictive measures are 5.0 times more likely when a victim belongs to urban areas, 23.4 times more likely when the woman suffered physical violence, and 4.3 times more likely when she was a victim of psychological violence.

Este estudio de casos analiza la coherencia entre discursos y prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes para atender a la diversidad de sus estudiantes en el área de Comunicación. Comprende la visita a 6 Instituciones Educativas de Tacna y Ayacucho, Perú, en las que se realizaron 14 observaciones de aula y 12 entrevistas a docentes de escuelas públicas, rurales y multigrado. Como resultado, se encontraría una coherencia parcial entre el discurso y la práctica para la atención a la diversidad por grado o ciclo, mas no, por género, edad, cultura, y niveles de avance. Categorías de análisis: a) Discurso de los docentes sobre i) Diversidad de sus estudiantes; ii) Didáctica multigrado en razón de la diversidad de sus estudiantes y c) Prácticas pedagógicas en el aula multigrado frente a la diversidad.

No abstract

La pandemia por la Covid-19 llevó al Perú a enfrentar muchos retos en la salud pública; nos preguntamos sobre las relaciones en el hogar durante el período de cuarentena; más aún cuando el Perú tiene el desafío de alcanzar la igualdad de género y la disminución de la violencia. Objetivo: Describir la distribución de las tareas domésticas, el cuidado de dependientes y la violencia en el hogar en cuarentena, de acuerdo con el género. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, se aplicó un cuestionario virtual a una muestra intencional de 1 124 hombres y mujeres mayores de 18 años de todo el Perú entre los meses de mayo y julio 2020. Resultados: Si bien la mayoría de respondientes indicaron haber compartido las tareas domésticas durante la cuarentena; las mujeres lo asumieron con mayor frecuencia solas en comparación a los hombres, siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa; así mismo, se encontró que entre las mujeres, las más jóvenes asumían menos labores de la casa y cuidado de dependientes que las mayores, con diferencia significativa; y finalmente, los hombres y las mujeres, sin diferencia estadística, manifestaron percibir que durante la cuarentena la violencia en casa aumentó. Conclusiones: Durante el confinamiento hombres y mujeres en los hogares compartieron labores de la casa y cuidado de niños y dependientes, aunque la responsabilidad fue asumida por las mujeres en mayor porcentaje; y dentro de este grupo las mujeres de mayor edad. Finalmente, las situaciones de violencia en el hogar fueron percibidas en aumento.

No abstract

Introduction In Canada, people experiencing socioeconomic inequities have higher rates of late diagnosis and lower survival rates than the general population. Palliative care services focussed on this population are scarce. We developed a community-based nursing intervention to improve access to palliative care for people experiencing socioeconomic inequities and living with life-limiting illnesses in an urban Canadian setting. Methods This community-based, qualitative research study combined critical and participatory research methodologies. The study was conducted in partnership with the Palliative Care Outreach Advocacy Team (PCOAT) based in Edmonton, Alberta, a team dedicated to serving populations experiencing socioeconomic inequities who require palliative care. Following an exploratory phase that served to delineate the intervention, we undertook a one-year pilot implementation during which a part-time registered nurse (RN) joined PCOAT. The RN engaged in trust building, resolution of health and practical needs and complex care coordination. Twenty-five patients participated in the intervention. Participants were interviewed at least once to explore their experiences with the intervention. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results Most participants were men, were Indigenous and had advanced cancer. Participants had significant financial concerns, lived or had lived in precarious housing situations and had previously faced serious challenges accessing health care. Participants reported social and health needs including housing, finances, transportation, symptom control, harm reduction and end-of-life care. Participants reported improved access to health and social services and expressed satisfaction with the study intervention. Conclusion Study findings suggest the study intervention may have contributed to improved access to palliative care, improved experiences for participants and increased equity in the delivery of care.