Background. The personalized approach implies an individual choice of medicines and their doses for the patient, providing the most effective and safe pharmacotherapy. Objective: analysis of the frequencies of UGT1A1 and DPYD polymorphisms and comparison of genotyping data with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil-induced toxicity, respectively.Materials and Methods. Venous blood of 94 Caucasian patients (46 men and 48 women, median age 61 years). The *6 and *28 UGT1A1 alleles were identified by pyrosequencing, and the *2А DPYD allele was identified by Real-time PCR.Results. The genotyping of 94 patients with colon cancer did not reveal the *2A SNP in the DPYD gene. The frequency rate of the *6 and *28 alleles of the UGT1A1 gene was 0.346 and 0.016, respectively. 24 % of patients receiving chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil developed side effects associated with the circulatory system and the gastrointestinal tract. Hematological and nonhematological toxic reactions were noted in 48 % and 50 % of patients receiving irinotecan. Severe bilirubinemia was associated with the *28/*28 UGT1A1 genotype. The presence of a high-risk genotype (*28/*1, *28/*28 UGT1A1) correlated with the development of side effects (p=0.040).Conclusion. The absence of carriers of the *2А DPYD allele in the sample with a significant proportion of pronounced adverse toxic reactions to 5-fluorouracil causes the need for the inclusion of new polymorphisms of the DPYD gene in pharmacogenetic testing. The inclusion of genotyping of UGT1A1 polymorphisms into a complex of preliminary examination is advisable when planning treatment with irinotecan.
Ростовский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия Цель: анализ частоты распространения и типовой структуры вируса папилломы человека (ВПЧ) высокого онкогенного риска в зависимости от пола, возраста, наличия онкологической патологии. Материал и методы: обследованы 424 пациента клинико-диагностического отделения ФГБУ «РНИОИ» МЗ РФ. Исследовали мазки из влагалища и цервикального канала у женщин, мазки из уретры и/или мочу у мужчин. Для определения ДНК ВПЧ применяли метод ПЦР в реальном времени. Результаты: удельный вес ВПЧ-позитивных среди женщин составил 34,4%, среди мужчин-39,9%. У женщин в старших возрастных группа доля ВПЧ-позитивных снижалась, у мужчин нарастала. В возрасте до 25 и после 45 лет папилломавирусная инфекция (ПВИ) чаще регистрировалась у женщин, в возрасте 26-45 лет-у мужчин. Сочетание нескольких типов ВПЧ чаще регистрировали у молодых. Наиболее распространенным был 16-й тип ВПЧ у женщин и мужчин. Последующие ранговые места распределялись следующим образом: у женщин далее следовали 31-й, 52-й, 18-й, 56-й типы, у мужчин-52-й, 56-й, 45-й,18-й тип, 50-й1 тип был выявлен только у женщин. ПВИ среди больных с опухолевыми процессами регистрировалась в 1,9 раза чаще, чем с воспалительными. При опухолевых процессах у женщин преобладала высокая вирусная нагрузка, при воспалительных заболеваниях нагрузка с разной степенью клинической значимости встречалась одинаково часто. Сочетание одновременного инфицирования ВПЧ и возбудителями ИППП у женщин с опухолевыми заболеваниями составило 70,6 % от общего числа ИППП-позитивных, с воспалительными заболеваниями ПВИ 41,5%. У мужчин эти показатели составили 66,7 % и 38,1 % соответственно. Заключение: Проведенные исследования позволили установить различия в частоте распространения ПВИ в зависимости от пола, возраста, наличия онкологической патологии. Ключевые слова: вирус папилломы человека, ПЦР в реальном времени, распространенность ВПЧ, генотип, вирусная нагрузка.
α‐Damascone (V) is prepared starting from α‐cyclocitral (I) by a novel and more convenient procedure.
e15516 Background: The purpose of the study was to compare the rates of bacterial and fungal colonization of the mucosa in stomach cancer and gastritis. Methods: 59 tumor and healthy tissue samples in stomach cancer and 33 stomach mucosa bioptates in gastritis were studied. DNAs were extracted by the adsorption method. DNAs of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Candida spp., Bacteroides spp. were determined by real-time PCR. Results: 40.0% of 30 patients with stomach cancer had adenocarcinoma, 13.3% – signet ring cell carcinoma, 6.7% – undifferentiated cancer, 6.7% – NHL, 3.3% – squamous cell carcinoma, 6.7% – combined signet ring cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine or undifferentiated cancer, 23.3% – combined adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine, signet ring cell or undifferentiated cancer. The comparison group included 33 patients with morphologically verified superficial gastritis. DNA of Bacteroides spp. was found in tumor and healthy tissues of 80.0% of cancer patients; it was not found in gastritis. DNA of B. fragilis was found in all tumor tissue samples, BFT – in 8.3% of them. The mean amount of Enterobacteriaceae in tumor tissue was 6.7x105 copy/ml, in healthy tissue – 7.0x105 copy/ml, in bioptates in gastritis – 4.0х102 copy/ml; Staphylococcus spp. – 3.4х102 copy/ml, 2.6х102 copy/ml and 8.7х101 copy/ml, Streptococcus spp. – 9.1х105 copy/ml, 1.3х105 copy/ml and 5.1х103 copy/ml, respectively. Thus, the amount of Enterobacteriaceae in tumor tissue in stomach cancer exceeded the value in gastritis by 1675 times, Staphylococcus spp. – by 3.9 times, Streptococcus spp. – by 178 times. Genes of resistance to the penicillin class TEM were found in 50.0% of patients with stomach cancer and in 8.7% of patients with gastritis. DNAs of Candida spp. in stomach cancer were found in 40% of patients in tumor tissue and in 31.0% in healthy tissue, in gastritis – in 8.3% of patients. Conclusions: Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp., mostly combined, dominate among microflora colonizing gastric mucosa in stomach cancer. The established differences in microbiocenosis in stomach cancer in comparison with gastritis suggest the possible involvement of aerobic and anaerobic microflora in the process of malignant transformation.
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