The war in Eastern Ukraine has been going on since 2014. This situation has led to new challenges for the social sphere, in particular, the construction of a system of social services for combatants and veterans. Female combatants and veterans need gender-specific services adopted to this particular category. Since the experience of social assistance to this specific category of clients of social work in Ukraine is limited, there is a need to study the experience of other countries to address the issue.The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of women's military service and the system of social protection of this category in Ukraine and abroad.The article analyzes the experience of Australia, Israel, Spain, Canada, Korea, Poland, the USA, and Croatia in implementing the policy of social protection of combatants. The authors identify the main types of services and assistance to this category provided by the legislation in other countries.The authors of the article used the method of theoretical analysis of scientific works and legal documents that describe and regulate the mechanism of social protection of servicemen/servicewoman in different countries; compare the key aspects and features of women's military service in different countries and systematize the list of social services and structures responsible for providing various social services.
The author of the article analyzes scientific works on the problem of violence against women, which testify to the relevance of this issue today. The main causes and types of violence against women are characterized. The consequences of any violence are specific symptoms displayed through behavioral, physical, and emotional disturbances. The results of scientific research confirm the negative impact of violence on a woman's physical, reproductive and mental health, as well as social well-being. The consequences of violence against women are harmful and dangerous, both for the woman herself and for society. Since the outbreak of full-scale war, cases of violence against women have become common. In search of a safe place to stay, to protect and save themselves in war conditions, living in occupied territories due to the lack of an opportunity to evacuate to safer regions, the risks of women falling into a situation of violence from other persons, including from the russian military, have increased. Current research indicates the need for a more coherent and comprehensive approach to providing information on assistance services for women victims of violence and the appointment of trained social workers who can effectively provide psychosocial care. The features and difficulties women may face receiving professional assistance in wartime are identified. The author proposes an algorithm for counseling women victims of violence, including psychological assistance and initial information on further steps. This algorithm is helpful to those specialists who do not have professional experience working with this target audience and do not know the specifics of working with cases of violence against women who have suffered from various forms of violence, including violence by the russian military in wartime conditions.
The processes of digital transformation of all spheres of life in modern Ukrainian society and the introduction of emergency distance learning in wartimein Ukraine have led to the emergence of new challenges in the professional self-improvement of social workers in order to provide quality social services to a new target group of clients -participants in combat operations in conditions of uncertainties and threats of wartime. The authors of the article investigated ICT used by social workers of Kyiv (Ukraine) working with combatants in state and non-governmental organisations. The study showed a satisfactory level of ICT use in professional activities with this target group and the need to improve the professional competence of workers providing services to this target group. The problems of combatants, which are addressed by social workers, were explored. A theoretical analysis of the content and structure of open online courses that can be used for professional self-improvement of social workers related to improving their digital and methodological competence in working with combatants was carried out. To achieve the goal a wide range of theoretical research methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, etc.) were used. Based on the analysis of MOOC platforms available on the domestic and international Internet market of educational services, it was found that Coursera, EdEra, and Prometheus are the most popular among social workers. It was found that all courses on MOOC platforms have a similar structure, which includes interactive video lectures, educational resources, online tests of various types, and a forum for discussing issues and organising a discussion.
With the outbreak of a full-scale war, the number of women serving in the military and defending the integrity and independence of Ukraine has significantly increased. Every woman going to the front has her reason for making such a decision. The Armed Forces of Ukraine currently actively work to raise the number of female military personnel. Given the increase in the number of women participating in hostilities, the issue of obtaining appropriate guarantees for this target audience to maintain the functions of motherhood and simultaneously perform official duties during military service is relevant. Female combatants are one of the important categories of the population that needs social and psychological support and assistance both at the level of the territorial community and at the state level. As an object of social work, female combatants require professional help, as they have their own specific requests and needs that must be met. Research methods applied: theoretical analysis of scientific literature, legal documents and Internet sources, which made it possible to analyze the system of provision of social services to combatants. Female combatants are a new object of social work, and in the provision of social services to this category, it is necessary to involve specialists in social work, as well as representatives of the entire territorial community. State organizations, the public sector, community residents, and initiative groups should be involved in assessing the needs and requests of this target group in order to provide quality services. Perception of women as a vulnerable group of the population and providing them with social assistance, creating additional opportunities for participation in decision-making at the level of local communities, the state, and society as a whole, and reducing gender inequality, become components of ensuring sustainable social development.
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