Flavonols, anthocyanins, and chalcones were determined during the flowering phase in two genotypes of Cosmos sulphureus (regular species and its cultivar ‘Cosmic Orang’) grown in the М.М. Gryshko National Botanical Garden in Kyiv. Inflorescences, leaves, stems, roots, and separated ray and disc florets were dried and crushed to prepare extracts following three different techniques. In particular, with 80 % (v/v) ethanol following Andreeva & Kalinkina (2000), 3.5 % HCl following Kriventsov (1982), and 0.1 N HCl following Udovenko (1988). The absorbance of flavonoids was measured at 390 nm wavelength for flavonols, 530 nm – for anthocyanins, and 364 nm – for chalcones. The highest content of flavonols was found in inflorescences of both genotypes (87.79 ± 1.64 and 87.99 ± 1.75 mg / 100 g of dry weight (DW), respectively). The content of anthocyanins was found to be ranked by overground organs: inflorescences > leaves > stems. In particular, the content of anthocyanins in the inflorescences of these two genotypes was 188.95 ± 5.20 and 177.14 ± 6.81 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the leaves, the content of anthocyanins was 61.32 ± 1.97 and 41.33 ± 2.27 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the stems, the content of anthocyanins was 31.63 ± 1.16 and 25.31 ± 0.95 mg / 100 g DW, respectively. In the roots, the anthocyanins were not detected. Among the flavonoids, the highest content, in general, was found for anthocyanins. Similarly, chalcones were also localized in overground organs only and mostly in the inflorescences (39.65 ± 1.25 and 37.93 ± 0.88 mg / 100 g DW, respectively). The content of chalcones in the leaves and stems was much lower than the content of the anthocyanins and flavonols; it significantly varied for two investigated genotypes. During the detailed investigation of the flavonoids content in different parts of the inflorescence, it was found that disc florets in both genotypes had fewer flavonoids than the ray florets.
AGROBIODIVERSITY f o r i m p r o v i n g n u t r i t i o n , h e a l t h a n d l i f e q u a l i t y 2018-243 -
The mineral composition is explored of the four species of Amaranthus L.: A. lividus L., A. tricolor L., A. acutilobus Uline et W. L. Bray, and A. blitoides S. Wats. The leaves were analyzed when the plants were in the vegetative phase of development. The element concentrations determined by techniques of atomic absorption spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Cr. Potassium is the main ash element in the leaves of all studied species of Amaranthus. Its content varied from 39,010.00 to 44,926.67 mg/kg. A. tricolor is significantly different among other species for the ratio of sulfur and magnesium. In its leaves, a large amount of sulfur is found. The species with ascending stems (A. acutilobus and A. blitoides) contained sulfur up to 4020.00 and species with erect stems (A. lividus and A. tricolor) within 5,724.00-6,314.40 mg/kg. Maximum content of Mg was 6,734.33, P 1,706.33, Fe 1,133.28 mg/kg. The content of heavy metals was in a safe quantity, except nickel. The highest coefficients of variation (%) are characteristic of the content of barium (45.07), sodium (31.18), vanadium (28.22) and potassium (26.62). The most stable is the content of phosphorus (3.25%). The mineral composition of leaves of amaranth showed its high value as a vegetable product.
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