From the beginning of its existence and until now, interest in herbal remedies has only grown. Not surprisingly, medicinal herbs are a source of unique combinations of biologically active components that are capable of exhibiting significant pharmacological effects. One of these medicinal plants is Acorus calamus (sweet flag), whose rhizomes have long been used in official and folk medicine, cooking and cosmetology. However, recent studies point to the considerable potential of the aerial part of Acorus calamus as a novel herbal remedy, which is associated with the presence in the leaf of the plant, in addition to essential oil, a considerable amount of substances of phenolic nature. The aim of the research was to determine the optimal conditions for the removal of phenolic compounds from the leaves of Acorus calamus and to determine the technological parameters of raw materials. Materials and methods. During the research, samples of raw materials collected on the territory of Kharkiv region were used, as well as methods that are given in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Result. As a result of the research, the extraction conditions at which there was highest content of the extraction of biologically active substances were determined. The extractant, the degree of grinding of the raw material and the optimum extraction time were selected, which allowed to extract almost 80 % of the quantitative content of flavonoids from the raw material. The main technological parameters of Acorus calamus leaves were also determined. The obtained results will be the basis for the development of the technology of obtaining phyto-substance from the leaves of Acorus calamus. Conclusions. The selection of optimal extraction conditions of biologically active compounds from Acorus calamus leaves was carried out. The obtained results show that in order to obtain extracts with the maximum content of biologically active substances (flavonoids), it is advisable to use raw materials with a particle size of 0.5 to 1.0 mm, as an extractant 70 % alcohol and an extraction time of 4 hours.
The aim. To determine the intensified method of extraction of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves and optimal conditions for the process. Materials and methods. In order to develop the optimal intensified method of extraction samples were prepared in different conditions of raw materials-extractant ratio, temperature, time and multiplicity. As a raw materials spectrophotometrically pre-standardized Acorus calamus leaves were used. The extraction was carried out in a hermetically sealed ultrasonic extraction reactor PEX 1 (REUS, Contes, France). As the criteria of extraction efficiency were indicators of dry residue and total amount of flavonoids determined using methods described in State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The amount of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically on a certified device Specord 200 (Analytik Jena, Germany). Results. According to our research results it was found that ultrasonic action and addition of surfactant significantly improves the efficiency of the extraction process. The optimal conditions for the process were determined. Experimentally proved that the rational raw material-extractant ratio is 1:15. Comparative study of the extraction process with different temperatures showed that the highest amount of extractives is achieved at temperature 70 °C and 45 min of duration. The optimal extraction multiplicity is 3. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the intensified extraction method for Acorus calamus leaves – re-maceration with ultrasound – was established. The conducted researches allowed to develop the method of extraction, expedient in the conditions of the modern pharmaceutical industry.
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