The purpose of the article is to systematize the impact factors of quarantine measures related to COVID-19 on the agrarian sector and food security and assess their socio-economic consequences. Research methods. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach to the study of the studied phenomena and processes and dialectical method of cognition, that which allow to comprehensively consider the processes, related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine restrictive measures on the agrarian sector and food security of the country. When generalizing the theoretical and methodological aspects of the study, systematizing the factors of impact, the techniques of the abstract-logical method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and comparison were used. In order to assess the trends in the development of the agrarian sector in analytical studies, economic and statistical methods were used (comparative analysis, relative values, trend analysis etc.). Research results. The impact factors of quarantine measures related to COVID-19 pandemic on the agrarian sector with the selection of ten groups of stimulants and disincentives, exogenous and endogenous effects have been identified and systematized. This made it possible to determine the synergistic effect of their interaction. The socio-economic consequences of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictive measures on the domestic agrarian sector and food security were assessed in the following areas: production of agri-food products, its sales in domestic and foreign markets, investments, efficiency of economic activity, rural labor market, employment in the agrarian sector. Scientific novelty. Theoretical and methodological provisions, scientific-methodical and practical approaches to systematization of impact factors of quarantine measures and the spread of COVID-19 pandemic on agrarian sector, food security and assessing the degree of their influence on the socio-economic development of the industry are substantiated. Practical significance. The principal thesis and conclusions set out in the article have been brought to the level of practical recommendations, the implementation of which will allow to substantiate management decisions in the implementation of effective state policy for the development and support of the agrarian sector, ensuring the adaptability of national producers to restrictive quarantine measures in the context of COVID-19 pandemic spread. Tabl.: 5. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 29.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the post-reform state of the organizational and legal structure of agriculture and outline the possible risks of latifundation with the introduction of a market turnover of rights to land plots. Research methods. The research was based on general scientific and economic research methods, the work of Ukrainian scientists on terminology, regulations, data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and Internet resources. The principle of historicism helped to elucidate the root causes of the origin of the term "multistructural nature" of the organizational and legal structure of agriculture in the 1920s of the last century and the prerequisites for the possible spread of latifundia in the context of the proposed model of the market turnover of rights to land plots. Analytical and statistical tools and an empirical approach made it possible to compare the dynamics of agricultural assets, the productivity of economic entities and use the method of grouping by their number, absolute and relative land area in cultivation (including rural households) for 2010-2019. Abstract-logical techniques made it possible to reveal the archaic nature of the term "multi-structuredness" to characterize the post-reform functioning of agriculture, conceptually characterize its main features, formulate appropriate conclusions and determine the prospects for further research in line with the designated topic. Research results. It has been proved that “multistructurality” is historically conditioned, that is, transitory, since it was used in another socio-political formation and had a purely party-ideological justification for measures aimed at eliminating private forms of farming in the countryside in the 1920s. Hence, the "multistructure" does not carry a positive-meaningful definition when characterizing the agricultural production of Ukraine, and even more incorrectly when defining it as one of the indicators of the strategic development of the industry. In our opinion, taking into account the main features of the transitional state of the agricultural sector, it is advisable to define it as a mixed agrarian economy with various organizational and legal forms of activity and organizational and production structure, but with real prerequisites for a creeping process of latifundation and monopoly and the displacement of small and medium-sized enterprises in the future. enterprises. The basis for this is lobbying by agricultural holdings, companies with foreign investments, international lenders and foreign technical projects of their interests on the introduction in Ukraine of a neoliberal model of the market turnover of rights to agricultural land. Scientific novelty. The incorrectness of the use of the term "multistructure" in scientific works and regulatory legal acts to characterize the current transitive state of the organizational and legal structure of agriculture in Ukraine has been proved. Practical significance. Compliance with the terminological culture of agroeconomic science in general and the use of the concept of "multistructure", in particular, can be useful in the study of the post-reform state of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy and in the development of draft legislative and other normative acts on sustainable development. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 25.
The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of restrictive quarantine measures in 2020-2021 related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rural labor market, the level of employment and the extent of rural poverty. Research methods. The basis for the study were general scientific and economic methods, creative heritage of the classical political economy founders, publications of Ukrainian scientists on the impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, on social and labor relations in rural areas, regulations, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the State Employment Service, Internet resources and other sources. The monographic approach was used in the analysis of the employment rate dynamics of the rural population, changes in the labor market and the scale of poverty caused by the lockdowns introduction in 2020-2021. Normative and positive approaches are used to highlight the labor potential of rural areas and opportunities for its implementation in a pandemic. A number of abstract-logical techniques allowed formulating intermediate and final conclusions and proposals. Research results. The phenomenon of the category "labor" as a process of conscious and purposeful activity on the transformation of natural and economic factors of production in order to meet human needs is considered. The institutional preconditions of spatial differences in the concentration of jobs in rural and urban areas and the deepening of inequality in their development are highlighted. Changes caused by a number of restrictions on economic activity in order to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine are analyzed, in the field of the rural population employment by age groups, employment status, unemployment among working-age people, the number of employees who received unemployment status, as well as the workload per vacancy registered with the State Employment Service, the dynamics of its provision of services to rural residents. Public opinion that in the employment and rural labor market due to non-compliance with quarantine restrictions on economic activity, technological features of agricultural production and lower density, the rural population suffers less from quarantine measures is refuted. As a result of the introduction of two all-Ukrainian lockdowns in 2020–2021, the number of employed rural population decreased by 361 thousand people, or by 7%, of them employed - by 198 thousand and self-employed - by 153 thousand. The unemployment rate for this period also increased by 1.7 percentage points, or 11.5%. In April-May 2021, almost 120,000 workers received the status of unemployed dismissed from agricultural, forestry and fisheries enterprises, or one in five of the total in the economy. In addition, the number of applicants for one vacancy in rural areas has doubled, while reducing the financial capacity of the State Employment Service, especially with regard to the implementation of active forms of employment recovery. An integral consequence of quarantine restrictions was the spread of poverty among the rural population and the further social exclusion of people with unprotected self-employment. Scientific novelty. Methodological approaches to assessing the negative impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural employment, the rural labor market and the well-being of rural households have been further developed. Practical significance. The results of the impact of quarantine restrictions on employment and the rural labor market in 2020-2021 may be taken into account when developing measures to support micro and small businesses and self-employed agricultural workers in extreme conditions of society, such as a pandemic. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 35.
The purpose of this article is to reveal the peculiarities of the agrarian sector deregulation mechanisms in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law and the reasons for the vulnerability of the food security of the country and the world. The process of the agrarian sector deregulation in the period of the legal regime of martial law is clarified with regard to: (a) land matters; (b) taxation; (c) crediting; (d) material and technical support; (e) social and labor relations; and (f) state order. The elements of scientific novelty consist in the introduction of a systematic approach to the generalization of the extraordinary approaches to the process of agrarian sector deregulation during the legal regime of martial law. It is proposed to review the previously adopted documents of a strategic nature regarding the sustainable development of the agrarian sector of Ukraine and to change the mechanisms of the global food crisis fight radically by specially authorized international organizations. The experience of agrarian sector deregulation in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law can be taken into account by the state institutions when reviewing previously adopted documents and during the development of strategic plans for the restoration of the work of commodity producers, guaranteeing the food security of the population and taking into account the internal threats and the long-term external aggression of Russia against Ukraine.
Conditioned upon the negative impact of pandemic restrictions explained by the spread of COVID-19 disease, the global economy is declining, which has led to real risks and threats to the development of the Ukrainian agricultural sector. Identifying these risks and threats, assessing the impact of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the quarantine measures introduced in response to the agricultural sector is an important problem of agricultural policy that requires maximum efforts to solve it. The purpose of the article is to summarise the methodological basis for assessing the impact of restrictive quarantine measures 2020-2021 related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic for the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy, to substantiate the basis for determining criteria and indicators of impact and to carry out their empirical measurement. Analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and comparison are used to generalise the theoretical and methodological aspects of the study. To diagnose the dynamics of economic indicators, economic and statistical methods are used in analytical studies. A number of techniques of abstract-logical tools made it possible to formulate intermediate and final conclusions. Methodological foundations, scientific, methodological and practical approaches to assessing the impact of restrictive quarantine measures 2020-2021 related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic for the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy have been improved by substantiating the optimal research tools, identifying the most informative indicators and indicators. It is proved that from the standpoint of an integrated approach, all indicators that are a measure of the impact of the spread of COVID-19 and restrictive quarantine measures on the development of the agricultural sector should be considered in accordance with the target segments for assessing changes at the macro and micro levels. In particular: macroeconomic trends in business efficiency; entrepreneurial activity; foreign economic activity; social and labour relations; finance and investment, state support, etc. The analysis showed that the progressive development of agriculture in Ukraine during 2020 explained by quarantine restrictions demonstrated structural, economic and financial effects (results) of a downward nature. Promising areas for further research in this direction should include the development of a set of strategic measures to minimize risks for the agricultural sector of Ukraine during and after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic
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