Data from Web of Science, SCOPUS, Pub Med, Medline, E-library, and other sources was used in writing this article. The main focus was directed towards literature written in English. The selection of literature was based on such concepts as: etiopathogenesis, historical principles of treatment, methods of surgical and non-surgical intervention. Data from metanalysis publications and randomized clinical trials pertaining to the treatment of the pilonidal sinus at various stages of its formation was used, as well.
Ischemic stroke remains a pressing problem today. Its pathogenesis consists of a sequential cascade of reactions in the brain, which, in addition to ischemia, are responsible for further damage to brain tissue and slow down the development of compensatory and regenerative mechanisms. Attempts to break the pathological cascade have been going on for decades. The first promising molecule that demonstrated the potential of a scavenger (cleaner, absorber) of excessive aggressive peroxides in preclinical studies was MCI-186, which is used in clinical practice under the name edaravone. The aim of the study the results of which are presented in this paper was to establish the clinical effects of edaravone (Xavron) as a concomitant therapy of acute ischemic stroke (СТІКс) in real clinical practice.
The purpose is to study the effect of microstructure defects of initiating explosives on the process of initiating detonation by a laser monopulse. The results of experimental studies and physico-mathematical modeling of the effect of microstructural defects in crystals of photosensitive initiating explosives under the action of a single laser pulse are given. The paper covers a brief analysis of the history of the issue being studied and physico-mathematical modeling using the theory of elastic scattering, i.e. Gustav Mie theory. The technique for determining the absorption cross section of laser radiation by micro-sized inclusions of explosive has been developed and tested. In experiments on explosives ignition using a laser monopulse, the laser monopulse shape was recorded, the energy distribution over the laser beam radius and the explosive ignition delay time were controlled. The basis is the proposed method of calculating the absorption cross section and intensity in terms of the laser radiation wavelength by the inclusion of an explosive with using the theory of elastic scattering of optical radiation on particles in micrometer size range. It is shown that the absorption properties of the particle essentially depend on the properties of the particle medium and the wavelength of radiation. For smoke particle within PETN the absorption for wavelength of laser radiation of 1.06 μm is stronger than for that of 0.69 μm. A different absorption occurs if a lead particle is within a lead azide: absorption for wavelength of 0.69 μm is twice as strong as for wavelength of 1.06 μm. During the manufacture of explosives the additional defects in the explosives microstructure are desired to be created to increase the efficiency of laser initiation. Findings are used in the development of technical specifications for the design of optical detonators for laser initiation systems.
Гіпертонічна хвороба відіграє важливу роль у розвитку та прогресуванні когнітивних розладів до ступеня деменції. Метою дослідження є оптимізація лікування пацієнтів з гіпертонічною хворобою шляхом оцінки динаміки когнітивних функцій на тлі терапії Вальсакором порівняно з амлодипіном. У дослідження було включено 67 пацієнтів із гіпертонічною хворобою І–ІІІ стадій віком 56,30 ± 1,74 року. Після рандомізації хворим І клінічної групи (n = 33) призначали амлодипін, а пацієнтам ІІ (n = 34) — Вальсакор та діуретичний засіб за потреби в обох групах. Термін спостереження становив 3 місяці. Контрольну групу становили 34 практично здорових особи. Ефективність терапії оцінювали за результатами офісного вимірювання артеріального тиску та добового моніторингу артеріального тиску. Для нейропсихологічного тестування використовували таблиці Шульте. Хворі на гіпертонічну хворобу потребують більше часу на виконання завдань, ніж практично здорові особи (р < 0,05). Порівняння результатів первинного й контрольного тестування пацієнтів І групи не виявило відмінності (р > 0,05). При контрольному тестуванні хворі ІІ групи витрачали на 18,94 % менше сумарного часу порівняно з первинними результатами (р < 0,05). У хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу спостерігається уповільнення швидкості реакції порівняно з практично здоровими особами (р < 0,05). Гіпотензивна терапія амлодипіном не впливає на показник швидкості реакції. Фармакотерапія Вальсакором сприяє покращенню результатів нейропсихологічного тестування порівняно з вихідними даними (р < 0,05).
Timely use of neuroprotectors for treatment of ischemic stroke should prevent or inhibit the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to apoptosis of brain cells, both in the nucleus of the infarct and in the ischemic penumbra. The concept of neuroprotection has a sufficient scientific basis, but the questions of its effectiveness, safety and optimal points of application remain controversial, taking into account the available results of clinical trials. Currently, two pharmacological agents are most commonly used as neuroprotective agents in ischemic stroke (IS) — Cerebrolysin and Edaravon (in the Ukrainian pharmaceuзtical market — Xavron). They have the broadest evidence base and are favored by practitioners to provide the potential for recovery in the poststroke period. Objective — to investigate the available evidence base of results of admission and effectiveness of neuroprotective agents — Cerebrolysin and Edaravon in treatment of IS: the impact to the outcome of treatment during hospita period and in the medium term. A search was conducted for studies and metaanilysis for the Key words «schemic stroke», «neuroprotection», «edaravon», «cerebrolysin» in the PubMed database and the Cochrane Library, published between 2010 and 2022.The selection criteria for publications were the availability of a full text or a detailed summary in English. Given the results of research, the clinical effects of neuroprotective therapy are significant. However, there are reports of questionable results, the probable causes of which may be: failure to take into account the level of neurological deficit at the time of hospitalization, as well as the therapeutic window for the appointment of the drug and the dosage regimen. The outcome on the 90th day of treatment could be influenced by factors such as comorbid pathology, complications of the hospital period, as well as different approaches to rehabilitation measures. Large clinical trials with more sophisticated patient selection criteria are needed to determine the importance of neuroprotective agents in the complex intensive care of patients with IS.
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