An increase in world population requires growth in food production. Wheat is one of the major food crops, covering 21% of global food needs. The food supply issue necessitates reliable mathematical methods for predicting wheat yields. Crop yield information is necessary for agricultural management and strategic planning. Our mathematical model was developed based on a three-year field experiment in a semi-arid climate zone. Wheat yields ranged from 4310 to 6020 kg/ha. The novelty of this model is the inclusion of some stochastic data (weather and technological). The proposed method for wheat yield modeling is based on the theory of random sequence analysis. The model does not impose any restrictions on the number of production parameters and environmental indicators. A significant advantage of the proposed model is the absence of limits on the yield function. Consideration of the stochastic features of wheat production (technological and weather parameters) allows researchers to achieve the best accuracy. The numerical experiment confirmed the high accuracy of the proposed mathematical model for the prediction of wheat yield. The mean relative error (for the third-order polynomial model) varied from 1.79% to 2.75% depending on the preceding crop.
The article represents the study of the development of information technologies and their impact on the spread of modern retailing – e-commerce. The total penetration of the Internet, made possible by the latest information technology and the creation of "smart" mobile phones, has led to the growth of online commerce around the world. The number of Internet users around the world continues to grow. The Internet has also had an irreversible impact on retailing: the rise of e-commerce has not only forced regular retailers to adapt to new digital sales channels, but also allowed small and independent business owners to do business outside their local borders. Today, the global Internet penetration rate is 59 percent, with Northern Europe ranking first with a 95 percent Internet penetration rate. Online shopping is one of the most popular online activities around the world. Today, you can compare prices or read reviews online or go to the store to check the quality of the product before buying something online. In 2021, global electronic retail sales reached 4.9 trillion US dollars. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has gained momentum since 2020, has clearly strengthened the development trends of e-commerce and the digital technologies that support its development. Competition in the market for mobile devices, which currently account for a significant share of Internet traffic, is leading to rapid technological upgrades of modern smartphones. Samsung and Apple, which currently account for nearly half of the mobile gadget market, produce a significant number of applications that complement mobile devices. The widespread use of smartphone applications designed for trade operations has brought the level of e-commerce to a qualitatively new stage of development. With the almost ubiquitous presence of mobile devices, it is not surprising that the implementation of mobile payment solutions is growing worldwide and is contributing to the growth of cashless transactions. Keywords: information technology, Internet, smartphones, e-commerce, mobile applications.
Methodological approaches that allow introducing effective management of an agro-company in conditions of risk, in particular, by optimal diversification of activities and analysis of results and directions of influence of information and communication technologies on management decisions in agribusiness have been developed. The level of relevance of the mathematical model and methods of analysis are increased using the approach of taking into account the uneven dynamics of indicators of digital competitiveness of the country. By the example of the projected reduction of the total land bank of leading Ukrainian agricultural holdings, it is proved that the latest information technologies stimulate the transition from the extensive to an intensive method of doing business and contribute to the growing role of information and communication technologies to increase the efficiency of enterprises. The mathematical model of the company's management has been improved and for the first-time methods of analysis that allow determining and optimizing the activities of agricultural holdings in a formalized way have been proposed. An improved application of the indicative method as a tool to increase the level of relevance of mathematical formalization is proposed. For the first time, it is stated that information and communication technologies are not only a management tool, but also a factor of strategic restructuring of the company. For the first time, it has been proved that the introduction of information technologies accelerates trends in the intensive development of agricultural holdings, in particular, in approaches to the formation of land banks. For the first time, using a practical example it has been shown that even the most diversified agricultural holdings need to improve the ratio of activity areas permanently, responding to external challenges. The proposed mathematical formalization can be applied in research and practical work. The use of the developed mathematical model allowed proving the possibility of effective distribution of activities of agro-holdings for future periods with relevant leveling of risks using a practical example.
This study aims to confirm the importance of accounting and the relevance of its scientific research in achieving economic development with the help of accounting information. The crisis state of almost all spheres of human activity indicates the need for qualitative analysis of management decisions in an unstructured global space. The underestimation of the role of information and analytical training as a basis for development requires adaptation of accounting content to information interests, increasing the value (understandability, appropriateness, and speed) of the process of collection, processing, maintenance, storage, and transmission of data that form modern knowledge and influence the dynamics of development. Economic growth is also possible by studying the contribution of accounting trends and scientific research to economic development. Accounting is a piece of information retrospective and prospective base, the primary source of socio-economic development strategy, and a communication language. Having access to a large mass of data, the consumer must understand its systematicity and use it responsibly because the future depends on the quality of the decisions made. High-quality accounting as a communication component strengthens the economic and social progress of the country because it is considered a tool of social and macroeconomic regulation. Accounting information should influence the integrity and sustainability of these decisions. This study explains the role of accounting research in economic development. Accounting gradually went beyond the accounting and analytical support of enterprise management. It became an essential component of economic science, the general information system of state management, and branch and global leadership.
На основі даних світової наукової спільноти щодо “сюрпризної” кліматичної ситуації, зростаючої динаміки цивілізації та урбанізації у країнах, які розвиваються, досліджено проблему визначення нових підходів до розвитку й ведення сільського господарства, зокрема на основі зміни парадигми його ведення. Аналіз новітніх публікацій, що відображають наукову оцінку цього процесу, зумовив необхідність надання особливої ваги у нашій роботі проблемі інноваційного потенціалу галузі, оскільки нагальні питання можна вирішувати, синтезуючи відомі інженерні технології з інноваційно-інтелектуальною моделлю розвитку сільського господарства. Зазначено, що потенціал екстенсивного розвитку в агросекторі вичерпано, тому актуальними є технології, які підвищують інтенсивність й ефективність сільського господарства внаслідок подолання кризи системного мислення у сільському господарстві та переходу до розвитку адаптивного сільгоспсектора у регіонах, з оптимізацією логістики, концептуальним використанням задіяних і залишків вільних сільгоспземель у більшості країн світу. Акцентується те, що впровадження нових технологічних рішень, починаючи з автоматизованого сільськогосподарського обладнання із застосуванням новітніх кремнієвих розробок мікроелектроніки – мікроконтролерів та мікропроцесорів й широкого спектру цифрових датчиків, за допомогою яких уможливлюється відстеження апріорних груп параметрів довкілля, флори й фауни, а також динаміки їхньої варіативності, екстремальних значень, на підставі чого здійснюється оцінка реального стану та прогнозування, у результаті – сільське господарство перетворюється на сектор з надзвичайно інтенсивним потоком даних. Наголошено, що дані, зібрані завдяки мережевим технологіям в одному місці, можуть бути оброблені сучасними науковими методами для виявлення закономірностей, на основі котрих можна з високою вірогідністю ухвалювати адекватні рішення щодо кількісної оцінки результатів сільгоспдіяльності та мінімізації витратних ризиків. Висновується, що інтенсивне впровадження цифровізації та Інтернету речей (IoT) у сільське господарство (IoTAg) має перетворити галузь, що менш ніж будь-яка інша під впливом ІТ, на високотехнологічний бізнес завдяки стрімкому зростанню продуктивності та зниженню непродуктивних витрат.
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