The article examines the influence of physical education classes conducted on the basis of Polish and Ukrainian basic training programs on the level of physical fitness and physical development of pupils in secondary schools aged 9-10 years. The main features of the Polish and Ukrainian basic training programs are revealed, a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each program has been performed. The study involved 132 pupils of 4 forms of three schools in Khmelnytskyi (Ukraine), who were divided into control (CG) and experimental (EG) groups. CG pupils (n=67) were engaged in sports activities in accordance with the requirements of the Ukrainian basic training program in physical education, pupils of EG (n=65)-in accordance with the requirements of the Polish basic training program. The level of physical fitness of pupils was determined by the exercises that characterize different physical qualities and physical development-by the indices: power, speed, speed-power, endurance, agility. According to the results of the conducted researches it is established that indicators of physical development of EG and CG pupils have a steady tendency for improvement during the study period, which testifies to the effectiveness of both Polish and Ukrainian basic training programs in physical education.

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The frequency of extreme heat effects has recently increased in European cities due to climate change. The problem appears to be critical in urban areas where manmade structures significantly alter the temperature balance, thus highlighting the importance of sustainable management and proper inventory of urban green zones. Based on this, the paper provides a case study on using a combination of open-access and low-cost urban greenery inventory methods that could be used by municipal governments and private land managers to estimate the contribution of urban trees to the mitigation of urban heat impacts. The research focuses on the urban greenery inventory of courtyards in high-rise residential districts of the city of Kyiv (Ukraine), aiming to estimate the adapting potential of urban vegetation against heatwaves. Visual and thermal satellite images of Kyiv enabled us to estimate how the density of buildings and greenery is distributed and analyze the surface temperature in residential districts. A UAV thermal imaging survey was made in four selected locations with varying vegetation coverage, followed by leaf-based field instrumental analysis of photosynthetic activity in selected city tree species at hot temperatures. In addition, 16 portable temperature and humidity sensors were installed in shaded and sunlight-exposed areas of the locations in focus to assess the microclimate formation impact of trees in a high-rise residential courtyard. The Ukrainian legislation on the management of green spaces in cities was reviewed to find out whether it promotes the shaping of comfortable microclimates in residential districts; follow-up recommendations were made on how to improve the applicable provisions.