The article is devoted to the study of aspects that affect the social vulnerability of the population of the Carpathian region. The resource provision of domestic households in the focus of social vulnerability was analyzed, which included the analysis of such indicators as wages, income from entrepreneurial activity, protected resources of the social sphere in monetary terms. A review of the available statistical data made it possible to formulate the negative trends that occurred over the last decade in the structure of resource provision of domestic households. The increase in the share of wages in the incomes of households in the Carpathian region is negatively perceived, which is substantiated by relevant explanations. In particular, the general reduction of state social payments to the population was critically assessed, in connection with which significant attention was paid to the definition of the living wage, which serves as the basis for calculating these payments and other state charges. Attention is paid to the issue of preschool education in the Carpathian region; formulated how households with children of preschool age constitute one of the most socially vulnerable groups of the country’s population. The protracted processes of external migration, which are characteristic of the Carpathian region, and which lead unequivocally to destructive demographic distortions in it, are also emphasized. Based on the given data, we can talk about the existence or development of “unhealthy” socio-economic processes that affect the way of life of the local population of the Carpathian region and that will determine the development trends of the region in the nearest medium-term perspective. It is noted that today the issue of social vulnerability of Ukrainians is exacerbated even more by the full-scale war with Russia, so the request to develop a better toolkit for analyzing resource provision and population needs becomes urgent.
At the present stage of development of migration processes in Ukraine, the problem of improving the domestic migration services market has been actualized, turning it into a system of socio-economic relations to meet the needs of the population in services related to the possibility and improvement of conditions for migration movements, obtaining related services related to migration, minimizing risks (both for citizens and the State) related to migration processes. The research is aimed at identifying problematic aspects, as well as substantiating the directions and means of the State policy for the development of the migration services market in Ukraine. The object of research is the processes of improving the State policy of functioning and development of the migration services market in Ukraine, legalization of its subjects and improvement of institutional-economic opportunities in relation to the provision of high-quality migration services. In the process of research, general scientific and special methods were used: synthesis and system analysis, logical generalization, strategic management, and comparative analysis. The article identifies the current systemic problems in the functioning and development of the migration services market in Ukraine, in particular in terms of the predominance of unlicensed subjects – providers of migration services; low level of satisfaction of migrants with intermediary services; limited practices of bringing to justice shadow intermediaries in the migration services market; low level of socio-economic protection of migrant workers, etc. The authors define directions and means of improving the functioning of the migration services market of Ukraine in the areas of: legalization and licensing of activities; introduction of a monitoring system for the migration services market; conclusion of intergovernmental bilateral agreements to protect the rights of migrant Ukrainians; implementation of the Concept for regulating the development of the migration services market in Ukraine. Prospects for further scientific research in the analyzed sphere concern the substantiation of directions and means of implementation of positive foreign practices for the State-based regulation of the migration services market in Ukraine.
The experience of conducting sociological surveys on migration mobility of Ukrainian youth is analyzed, including nationwide surveys of migrant workers with specifics for different age groups, surveys of youth commissioned by public authorities, and individual surveys of scientists and experts in special studies. A review of existing surveys allowed to identify the most extensive and authoritative studies and conduct a critical evaluation. These include “Youth of Ukraine” (commissioned by the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine), “Migration activity of student youth of the Carpathian region of Ukraine” (Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine), “Research on migration sentiments of student youth in the conditions of visa liberalization” and “Study of migration attitudes of students of Lviv (Lviv Polytechnic)”, “Social aspects of the transition from school to university students of rural schools and schools of national minorities of Ukraine” (Taras Shevchenko National University of Luhansk), “Migration moods of student youth” (Uzhgorod National University). The article reveals that the results of the national surveys “External labor migration of the population of Ukraine” for 2008, 2012, and 2017 provide very limited information in terms of different age groups. It argues that despite some experience, there are no systematic sociological surveys of migration mobility of youth in Ukraine to determine the potential of migration and the causal characteristics of migration movements. Given the rapidly growing potential of youth migration in Ukraine, the positive dynamics of educational emigration and the need for sociological surveys of youth on the impact of migration mobility on the development and capitalization of human potential are substantiated. The results of such survey will provide information on how migration impacts the potential of youth and the development potential of the donor territory. The assessment of migration across various components of human potential confirms its impact on the development of youth potential, as well as income and wealth, and reveals the level of its capitalization. The authors emphasize an urgent need to conduct situational surveys of youth on the potential of migration and re-emigration intentions during mass forced displacements.
Problematic aspects of the synergy of youth and migration policy, which acquire additional relevance for Ukraine in the war conditions, in the article were considered. The aim of the article is the scientific substantiation of the conceptual provisions regarding the regulation of youth migration mobility with the detection of modern priorities for Ukraine. The analysis of the legislation of Ukraine in the social sphere made it possible to reveal the importance of the issue of state support for youth among the conceptual-strategic and program-target priorities. At a time when developed countries are actively promoting the idea of «Talent on the Move», youth migration in Ukraine is taking on threatening characteristics due to the lack of systematic regulation of it. The results of a sociological survey of young people with migration experience, based on the example of the Lviv region of Ukraine, proved that youth re-emigration intentions were extremely low even before the Russo-Ukrainian War 2022. The emigration of Ukrainian youth is intellectualizing, changing the previous migration labor wave. The current wave of forced emigration also has the face of children and youth, who are highly likely to successfully integrate into host societies. Taking into account the risks of irreversible demographic losses and the social functionality of the state, it is necessary to implement a new concept of regulating the youth migration mobility, which includes measures to influence migration movements and migration potential, as well as support for the main areas of youth life. The new concept should be developed in accordance with the regulated priorities of national security, human and sustainable development, the expediency of youth policy regionalization in the conditions of a successful decentralization reform. The basis of the migration potential regulation is the organization of migration mobility monitoring in the context of the development and capitalization of human potential, that is, the clarification of the consequences of migration for the person and the region (state) of origin. It is mandatory to support of social ties with diaspora institutions. The new concept of regulating the youth migration mobility should aim to stimulate their re-emigration with a promising transition to ensuring circular migration during the post-war recovery period of Ukraine. The obtained results are the basis for further research in the part of determining the mechanisms of stimulating the re-emigration of young people to Ukraine and attracting their potential during further stay abroad.
The national migration losses in the first year of the full-scale invasion of Russia, as well as the corresponding situation in the western regions, are analyzed. A study of the impact of military operations on the main macroeconomic indicators and changes in the population’s standard of living was carried out. It was noted that IDPs became the most vulnerable category of citizens in 2022. A brief analysis of a number of domestic sociological surveys on the quality of life of Ukrainians during the war is presented. Particular attention is paid to the study of the issue of Ukrainian children during the war, in particular their education. It was noted that the war revealed a number of problematic aspects regarding the state’s provision of a quality standard of living for citizens. An attempt has been made to explain the shortcomings of the current system of state financial support for socially vulnerable population groups. It was noted that in the period of the aggravation of the demographic crisis, the issue of supporting young families and other socially vulnerable population groups is particularly relevant in order to maximize the use of their potential in the general strategy of the reconstruction of Ukraine.
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