The article deals with the problems of forming an effective system of marketing communications in port management as a concept that has a broader view of marketing activities than classical marketing. It was noted that in the current economic conditions the competitive position of the port depends not only on the volume of its products or turnover, but also on the perception of its activities by customers. In the article there are used such methods of scientific research as observation, analysis, systematization, forecasting. The analysis of the main researches and publications on questions of marketing communications is carried out. The system of marketing communications of the commercial seaport has been defined and the main groups of stakeholders associated with the transport business, with state institutions, as well as with wide groups of society, have been identified. It is noted that the management of marketing communications is becoming one of the important functions of the port administration and a list of its actions to implement this function has been determined. Based on the fact that the management of seaports pursues a wide range of marketing goals, an integrated approach was proposed to form relationships with stakeholders and interested groups in the targeted segments of port activities with the development of recommendations for the implementation of specific marketing actions for the objects of these targeted segments. It is noted that the formation of an effective system of marketing communications and interactions between the port administration and the main stakeholders, can stimulate synergies and economies through the integrated use of resources and opportunities for marketing activities. Further directions of scientific research in the field of efficiency of using the potential of communication marketing tools in port management are determined. In particular, the necessity to use quantitative approaches to solving the problem of linking the optimization of marketing communications with increasing the efficiency of port management and its competitiveness.
In particular, information weapons and social media weapons have become a weighty and decisive factor in warfare. Moreover, military conflict models increasingly use information as a weapon in virtual space. The article aims to analyze the peculiarities of the use of information weapons in interstate struggle on the example of empirical assessment of the use of disinformation methods against Ukraine in 2021-2022. Methodology. The study used the methods of cases and content analysis of reports and analytical bulletins of the Centre for Counteracting Disinformation of Ukraine to assess the use of information weapons, in particular the spread of disinformation in the information space of Ukraine. The reports and analytical bulletins from December 3, 2021, to February 21, 2022, were used for content analysis. Results. The main types of misinformation that are spread in the Ukrainian information space are: 1) misleading a particular person or group of people (even an entire nation); 2) manipulation, and 3) creation of the desired public opinion. We determined the main characteristics of fake news (unknown source, manipulative headline, emotional coloring, lack of reference to the head, value judgments). Based on the analysis, trends in the dissemination of false, manipulative information are identified.
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