The study and historical and pedagogical analysis of aiding children with mental and physical disabilities make it possible to trace the development of the educational system and find ways to improve it. The purpose of the study is to investigate the issue of supporting children with various variants of developmental disorders during the 10th and 20th centuries in Ukraine, analysis and justification of the problem. To fulfil this purpose, archival sources and scientific studies of scientists who studied this issue were investigated. The main chronological events of caring for children with various disorders, which later became the basis for the development of special education, are substantiated. Based on the chronicles of the Ipatiev and Lavrentiy lists, the public’s awareness of the importance of raising children with hearing and speech impairments, as well as studying the elements of literacy and learning the craft, was clarified. The history of care for children with physical and intellectual disabilities in Ukraine during the 10th-20th centuries is examined. The study outlines information about the facts of the first attempts to provide pedagogical assistance in the education of the so-called “limited abilities” students in the public education system, which was preceded by the reform in the field of education. Historical data on the attitude of society towards children with various developmental disabilities in Ukraine in the period of 10th20th centuries are analysed, as well as the dynamics of development in the field of assistance to children with mental and physical disabilities in this period. The facts about the transfer of the problem of raising children with intellectual disabilities to private institutions and the opening of psychiatric hospitals, which aided persons with developmental disabilities. The study covered I. Sikorsky's contribution to the problem of providing aid and care to those whose mental underdevelopment is a psychological and pedagogical problem. For a deeper retrospective of aiding children with various variants of developmental disabilities in Ukraine in the 10th and 20th centuries, it is necessary to explore the arguments for opening and organising state assistance to various categories of children with mental and physical disabilities
Artykuł naukowy jest poświęcony życiowej i twórczej drodze wybitnego defektologa radzieckiego periodu Rudolfowi Krajewskiemu (1897Krajewskiemu ( -1980. Jego imię jest znane wśród naukowców jako felczera ta pedagoga, teoretyka i praktyka psychiatrii, naukowcy-defektologa z problemów i terapii mowy (problemu jąkania). Ten artykuł zawiera retrospektywną analizę jak R. Krajewski zostaje naukowcem. Oraz artykuł określa główne kierunki naukowoorganizacyjnej dzałalności ta jego życia obywatelskiego. Autor artykułu opisuje period wciąż jakiego R. Krajewski pracował na wydziale pedagogicznego instytutu imienia O. M. Gorkiego. Także została po raz pierwszy nadrukowana informacja o życiu i twórczości naukowcy, która wcześnie była nie znana, i nazwano najważniejsze publikacjie naukowe R. Krajewskiego, właśnie książki: «Zaburzenia mowy i ich usunienie», «Mowa gestów głuchych».
The article discusses the psycholinguistic reasons for the appearance of new language units in the Ukrainian language during the COVID-19 pandemic, theso-called ”infodemic” (Zarocostas 2020). In a short time, under the influence of extralinguistic factors, language innovations associated with COVID-19 have entered a wide range of media sources, the search for the reasons how these innovations function is the goal of analysis of both media and psycholinguistics. Three methodological bases were chosen, which helped identify the degree of appropriateness of the use of new words in a specific media context. During the pandemic, the media remains the main source of information: on the one hand, the media has a responsibility to inform promptly and truthfully, on the other hand, the degree of misinformation is increasing. Based on this, language innovations appear as psychological markers of time, allusively linked to the pandemic. We assume that the psychological opposition “trust / mistrust” to information also affects the appearance of neologisms, because they actually reflect the mood of society, and therefore the demand for language innovations will be particularly logical in the course of social transformations (as demonstrated by the comparative characteristics of the search engine at the initial stage and at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic).
The article theoretically substantiates and experimentally verifies the validity of the developed diagnostics by the method of contrast groups. The relevance of such a study is determined by the lack of development of the problem of diagnosing grammatical aspects of speech in preschool age for Slavic (inflected by nature) languages. It is proved that for a preschool child in the first stages there is no speech activity separately from the subject, so the object of its orientation is not speech activity, but a single semantic whole, an event that is presented in a sentence (sometimes a phrase, discourse). In the following stages, the child's attitude to speech reality changes. This reality is already special, different from the subject. For all stages of speech and speech development of the child is typical limited and unstable nature of orientation to certain aspects of linguistic reality, when the pre-schooler focuses on either the semantic or formal side of speech. At the end of the senior preschool age, gender differences in children's use of adjectives are the most significant. The reason for the active use in speech of adjectives by girls we see both in the psychological characteristics and gender guidelines of adults around them (active use of nouns and adjectives with hypocritical-diminutive suffixes).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.