Lipids consumed with milk derivatives are one of the main parts of the human diet. Trans fatty acids in milk are causing a debate about their impact on the incidence of cardiovascular disease, pathological abnormalities, and cancer. The fatty acid profile of milk is influenced by a large number of different factors, one of which is genetic. The development of genetic studies, including Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), may help define genomic regions associated with fatty acid content in milk, including trans fatty acids. This article provides an overview of international studies on the identification of genomic regions and SNPs associated with the trans fatty acids in cow’s milk. The results are based on research of cattle such as Norwegian Red cattle, Holstein, Jersey, and Brown Swiss. The presented review shows that 68 SNPs were localized on chromosomes 1, 2, 4–6, 8–10, 12, 14–20, 22–25, and 27–29. Further research in this direction will provide new information that will serve as an impetus for the creation of modern breeding technologies and increase the performance of the manufacture of high-quality dairy products. The search for genetic markers associated with the content of TFA in milk is a promising direction in agricultural science and will allow more complete breeding work with cattle.
The problem of reproduction of cattle in the Russian Federation remains relevant from year to year and is characterized by a rather low yield of offspring per 100 queens, which causes significant economic damage. The solution to this problem is associated with an increase in the efficiency of the implementation of the genetically determined reproductive capabilities of animals. Scientific novelty lies in the study of molecular genetic mechanisms of cattle fertility control. The aim of the work was to identify allelic variants of SNPs associated with the reproductive ability of cattle. Whole genome genotyping was performed. Research methods. The studies were carried out on cows of the Holsteinized Black-and-White breed of the Ural type. The genetic profile of Black-and-White animals has been studied, SNP significantly associated with the reproductive qualities of cows have been identified, genetic variants and combinations of DNA markers have been identified that improve the reproductive qualities of cows. Results. In terms of reproduction indicators (multiplicity of insemination, duration of the service period), it was found that the multiplicity of insemination for animals with the genotype ARS-BFGL-NGS-71623GG was 1.33, which is lower compared to the genotypes ARS-BFGL-NGS-71623AA and ARS-BFGL- NGS-71623AG by 0.27 and 0.5 units. Heifers with the ARS-BFGL-NGS-85003AC genotype are inseminated at an earlier age than other animals. A significant difference in live weight at the first insemination was noted only for the ARS-BFGL-NGS-71623 gene. It is recommended to select animals with homozygous genotype ARS-BFGL-NGS-71623GG to improve the reproductive ability of cows in the breeding nucleus.
Е. В. ШАЦКИХ, доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой кормления животных, экспертизы кормов и продовольственных товаров, О. А. ШЕВКУНОВ, специалист по научно-технической информации, Уральский государственный аграрный университет (620075, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Карла Либкнехта, д. 42) Ключевые слова: «ПроСтор», кормовая добавка, цыплята-бройлеры, кормление, затраты корма, среднесуточный прирост, сохранность поголовья. В статье рассматриваются результаты научно-хозяйственного опыта по включению пробиотического препарата «ПроСтор» в различных дозировках в рацион цыплят-бройлеров в зависимости от периода выращивания. «Про-Стор» -кормовая добавка нового поколения, представляющая собой комплекс, состоящий из ферментов, пробиотиков, пребиотиков и лекарственных трав. Ее использование обеспечивает биозащиту организма, повышение продуктивности животных за счет улучшения конверсии корма, стимуляции обменных и иммунных процессов организма. На основании проведенного эксперимента установлено, что у бройлеров, получавших в составе комбикорма «Про-Стор», живая масса в конце периода выращивания была больше, чем в контрольной группе, на 3,5-10 %, среднесуточный прирост в среднем за период откорма превосходил контроль на 6,4 %, сохранность поголовья птицы увеличилась на 1,0-2,5 %. При этом в опытных группах птиц снизились затраты кормов на 1 кг прироста живой массы на 0,6-2,9 %. Европейский индекс продуктивности как показатель эффективности выращивания бройлеров имел наибольшее значение в I опытной группе: выше контрольного уровня на 34,1 пункта. Дополнительный доход на одну посаженную голову при введении «ПроСтор»а в рацион цыплят-бройлеров составил 5,84-16,74 руб. По совокупности полученных результатов опыта установлено, что наилучшей схемой применения «ПроСтора» является его включение в комбикорм в количестве 0,75 кг/т в течение всего технологического цикла выращивания. PROBIOTIC PREPARATION "PROSTOR"IN FEEDING CHICKEN-BROILERS E. V. SHATSKIKH, doctor of biological sciences, professor, head. department of animal feeding, examination of feed and food products of the ural state university of agriculture. O. A. SHEVKUNOV, specialist in scientific and technical information ural state university of agriculture Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Liebknekhta Str., 620075, Ekaterinburg)Keywords: ProStor, fodder additive, broiler chickens, feeding, feed costs, average daily gain, livestock safety. The article discusses the results of the scientific and economic experience on the inclusion of the probiotic preparation ProStor in various dosages in the ration of broiler chickens, depending on the growing period. ProStor is a fodder supplement of the new generation, which is a complex consisting of enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics and medicinal herbs. Its use provides for the biosecurity of the organism, increasing the productivity of animals by improving the conversion of feed, stimulating the metabolic and immune processes of the body. On the basis of the experiment, it was established that in broilers that received...
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