This paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of plasma-assisted reforming of ethanol into molecular hydrogen in a new modification of the "tornado" type electrical discharge.Numerical modeling clarifies the nature of the non-thermal conversion and explains the kinetic mechanism of nonequilibrium plasma-chemical transformations in the gas-liquid system and the evolution of hydrogen during the reforming as a function of discharge parameters and ethanol-to-water ratio in the mixture. We also propose a scheme of chemical reactions for plasma kinetics description. It is shown that some characteristics of the investigated reactor are at least not inferior to characteristics of other plasma chemical reactors. PACS: 52.65.-y, 52.80.-s IntroductionThe interest to alternative fuels research in the last two decades is increased by the depletion of the traditional fossil fuels. Today, ethanol is considered the most perspective fuel for internal-combustion engines [1]. First, it could be produced from renewable sources (biomass, industrial waste, etc). Second, its combustion produces relatively small amount of pollutants. However, the low velocity of the ethanol combustion wave propagation does not allow its use in its pure form as an engine fuel [2]. In order to increase this velocity, one needs to enrich С 2 Н 5 ОН by molecular hydrogen [3], since the latter has higher flame speed than alcohol. Unfortunately, there is another problem of storing H 2 on a vehicle. Recently, several methods were proposed to obtain hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels before its entering to the engine [1]. The methods are partial oxidation, steam reforming, dry CO 2 reforming, thermal decomposition and plasma-assisted reforming.The use of non-equilibrium plasma looks more attractive as a result of its lower energy consumption. Plasma acts as a catalyst and initiates fast chain reactions that do not progress under normal conditions. Today different plasma chemical reactors are used (for example [1], [4][5][6]) for molecular hydrogen generation from different hydrocarbons (ethanol, methane, etc) in non-equilibrium plasma. In [7][8], a new plasma chemical reactor for ethanol-to-hydrogen conversion was proposed. It was shown
The article presents the results of the investigation of the reforming of ethanol into synthesis gas using a plasmacatalytic system with either AC or DC wide-aperture rotating gliding discharge. Current and voltage oscillograms of the wide-aperture rotating gliding discharge were measured. The time-dependence of the instantaneous power of the discharge in the air was built. The photographs of the discharge in the airflow and discharge during the ethanol reforming were compared. The optical emission spectra of the plasmas of the torches of AC and DC wide-aperture rotating gliding discharges were studied. The rotational and vibrational temperatures of the plasma torch in the reaction chamber were determined. The results of the gas-chromatography of the synthesis gas produced during the plasm-catalytic reforming of ethanol using either AC or DC rotating gliding discharge are presented.
The article presents an investigation of the influence of the corona discharge with needle-ring electrode configuration on the efficiency of Aspergillus niger spore germination and Cyathus olla mycelium development. Current-voltage characteristics were measured for different distances between the needle and the metal ring. The plot of the dependence of conductance on voltage was built and the corona discharge breakthrough voltage was determined to be (2.7±0.1) kV. The treatment of Aspergillus niger spores was conducted at different development stages: at the germination stage (corona discharge treatment 1 day after the seeding) and dormant state (corona discharge treatment on the day of seeding). The growth rate of Cyathus olla mycelium in samples treated by corona discharge and in control group samples was investigated. The influence of the corona discharge on the potato dextrose agar growth medium before the seeding of Cyathus olla was studied. The pure cultures were obtained from the Culture Collection of Fungi at Kyiv University (FCKU) at the «Institute of Biology and Medicine» Educational and Scientific Centre of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.
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