No abstract

The electron nuclear dipolar interactions responsible for some dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) mechanisms also are responsible for the presence formally in CW EPR spectra of forbidden satellite lines in which both the electron spin and a nuclear spin flip. Such lines arising from 1H nuclei are easily resolved in CW EPR measurements of trityl radicals, a popular family of DNP reagents. The satellite lines overlap some of the hyperfine features from 13C in natural abundance in the trityl radical, but their intensity can be easily determined by simple simulations of the EPR spectra using the hyperfine parameters of the trityl radical. Isotopic substitution of 2H for 1H among the hydrogens of the trityl radical and/or the solvent allows the dipolar interactions from the 1H on the trityl radical and from the solvent to be determined. The intensity of the dipolar interactions, integrated over all the 1H in the system, is characterized by the traditional parameter called reff. For the so-called Finland trityl in methanol, the reff values indicate that collectively the 1H in the unlabeled solvent have a stronger integrated dipolar interaction with the unpaired electron spin of the Finland trityl than do the 1H in the radical and consequently will be a more important DNP route. Although reff has the dimensions of distance, it does not correspond to any simple physical dimension in the trityl radical because the details of the unpaired electron spin distribution and the hydrogen distribution are important in the case of trityls.

The magnetization dynamics of ε-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with an average size of about 9 nm is investigated. From comparison of the hysteresis loops obtained in quasi-static conditions and under pulse fields with amplitudes up to 200 kOe and pulse lengths 8–32 ms, it follows that the effective coercivity increases considerably with the variation rate of the imposed magnetic field. A theoretical explanation of this behavior is proposed. The model takes into account the superparamagnetic effects as well as the fact that magnetic anisotropy of the nanoparticles, along with the bulk term, includes a surface contribution. The latter, being of minor importance for the observed magnetic behavior of 25–100 nm particles, becomes essential when the particle size is below 10 nm. From the experimental data, a reference value of the surface anisotropy of nanodisperse ε-Fe2O3 is established, and evidence is presented to the effect that below 300 K this contribution does not significantly depend on temperature.

The dynamic magnetic properties of two-dimensional periodic Co antidot arrays were studied by X-band ferromagnetic resonance. The experimental results on geometrically scaled antidot arrays reveal a strong attenuation of the uniform ferromagnetic resonance mode in comparison to a continuous film, but an excitation of nonuniform in-plane spin-wave modes. Micromagnetic finite-element simulations show that the static magnetic structure in an antidot array depends on the direction of the external field with respect to the symmetry axes of the antidot lattice, even if the external field is strong enough to enforce a technically saturated magnetization state. The analysis gives evidence that characteristic inhomogeneities in the magnetization distribution around the antidots give rise to the changes of the resonance modes with the in-plane direction of the magnetization.