Introduction. The article explores the daily life of the rear region during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The workers of the Atyashevsky district of the Mordovian ASSR, like all Soviet people, stood up for the Fatherland. The Great Patriotic war made fundamental changes in the way of life of the home front. Women, children, and old men who replaced men gone to the front often worked around the clock and slept in their workplaces. Results and Discussion. During the war, many types of agricultural work were performed manually. In the rear, food shortages caused difficulties in supplying the population with food. It was no better to provide food for the families of front-line soldiers. Collective farmers and sole peasants began to pay personal land, since then the main source of food. The villagers grew many of the crops that were previously produced by farmers on arable land, but in much smaller amounts. Workers of the district led to the construction of fortifications – the Sursky defense line. Conclusion. The war is leaving the past, its participants, soldiers’ widows and mothers are still less alive, but the feat accomplished by the soldiers and workers of the rear during the years of the Great Patriotic War is immortal.
Introduction. The interest of researchers in studying the features of the axiological modification of the image of Russia in foreign media is due to the growing conflict political situation around our country. The purpose of this article is to determine the specifics of evaluative modeling of Russia’s image in the American media in a situation of a deepening crisis in relations between countries. The specificity of media discourse lies in the fact that its creator directly addresses the public, which makes it possible to fully realize the function of influence, including manipulative, by choosing certain methods of presenting and evaluative coloring (for example, metaphorization of an image) of information that determines its perception and evaluation addressee.
Results. The main conclusion regarding the presentation of the image of Russia in the American media selected for analysis is that most of the American media discourse is united in creating a negative image of Russia. The media texts clearly show bias in positioning our country as a dangerous, insidious and aggressive state in which an authoritarian style of government is implemented. This attitude is expressed in the key metaphorical constructs (“monarchy”, “theater”, “war”, “game”, “beast”, “crime”) identified in the course of the study, the regular reproduction of which in the Western media reinforces the “black” image of our countries in the minds of the audience.
Introduction. The article explores the traditions of military service to the Fatherland and the evolution of the nobility, noble economy through the study of the genealogy and history of the family. Results and Discussion. In the middle of the XVII century military people “on the fatherland” the Kryzhins were endowed with land and a salary for carrying out guard service on the Atemar-Saransk defensive line. Their land holdings were located in the villages of Alasheevka, Tetyushi and Stemasy. Until the beginning of the XIX century all men of the Kryzhins’ clan carried out military service and participated in the defense of the Fatherland. Peter Egorovich and Alexander Egorovich Kryzhins distinguished themselves in the battles of the Patriotic War of 1812. In the XIX century family members often chose the careers of officials, civil servants, scientists and researchers. Conclusion. The evolution of the Simbirsk noble family of the Kryzhins shows that most of the nobles in the second half of the XIX century lost contact with land ownership, and the state salary became the main source of their livelihood. In the post-reform period, to a large extent, the nobility begins to enjoy the rights and privileges presented to civil servants (the right to be kept in accordance with position and rank, awards, state pension, etc.). The nobility lost its privileges, converging in the legal situation with other classes, there was a movement from the estate to civil society.
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