The aim of the work was a preclinical assessment of acute toxicity, skin resorptive, irritant effects, cumulative and catalase activity, as well as sensitizing properties of the local gel composition “Benzidaflaziverdine” (GCB) used for the treatment of periodontal diseases in orthodontic patients. Materials and methods. 119 animals were involved in the experiment, assigned to seven main and two control groups. GCB was administered intragastrically in doses of 300–600 mg/kg and intradermally of 200 μg into the outer surface of the ear. The native solution of GCB was applied to the skin and mucous membranes, administered orally by the method of “subchronic toxicity” and to the surface of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos. The intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was assessed by the level of diene conjugates (DCs) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the antioxidant system by catalase activity. The specific leukocyte agglomeration reaction (SLAR), the specific leukocyte lysis reaction, and neutrophil damage indicators were used. Results. The median lethal dose LD50 for rats and mice of both sexes exceeded 5000 mg/kg. The irritant effect of GCB on the mucous membranes was manifested by hyperemia on the second day. Symptoms of irritation disappeared after 3–4 days without medical intervention. An analysis of the CAM blood vessels after exposure to GCB in two observations at the 120th second showed the beginning of hemorrhages. In one observation, GCB caused minor hemorrhages at the 300th second of the experiment. It was found that the coefficient of GCB irritant action was 5 (the mean score of Me (Q1; Q3) was 5 (4; 5)). The coefficient of cumulation (Kcum) exceeded 8.2. An insignificant increase in the median or mean values of catalase enzyme activity, DCs, and the amount of LPO end product such as MDA was observed compared to the control group animals. The SLAR test indicated the development of a delayed-type allergic reaction under the influence of GCB in a 1:10 dilution. One-hundred-fold dilution did not cause significant changes in the indicator in the main group compared to the control one. Conclusions. GCB belongs to the 4th class of toxicity – practically non-toxic substances, does not have sex- and species sensitivity, has weak cumulative activity, minimal effect on the system of LPO. GCB can be recommended for the use in clinical periodontology for medical support of orthodontic patients.
Introduction. A search continues for effective means which may reduce the overload of harmful factors, eliminate the inflammatory process, and reduce stress on the periodontal tissues during the active period of orthodontic treatment. We developed and patented the gel composition (GC) Benzidaflaziverdine prepared based on Proteflazid® (flavonoids) and benzydamine hydrochloride (BH) T-Sept® for the local treatment of the periodontal tissues in the form of a periodontal dressing in the orthodontic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytocompatibility of different combinations of components in gel composition based on flavonoid complex and benzydamine hydrochloride (Benzidaflaziverdine) used for the treatment of periodontal diseases in orthodontic patients. For this, mechanisms of their cytopathic and cytoprotective effects will be explored using cultured human and mouse cells. Methods. We studied the effect of different supplements used in GC Benzidaflaziverdine on the viability of pseudonormal human keratinocytes of the HaCaT line and mouse fibroblasts of the BALB-3T3 line, and mouse macrophages of the J774.2 line. Various methods of cell survival assessment were used: MTT-assay, staining of cells with fluorescent dyes Hoechst 33342 and Propidium iodide (PI), as well as a test for the genotoxic effects on cells (DNA comet assay). The antioxidant properties of the developed GC variants were evaluated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), Merck (Dam-stadt, Germany), and DCFDA-H2 (2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate). Results. We demonstrated that the Sample containing gel base and BH in the form of a solution (Tantum Verde®) possessed weak prooxidant properties. While the Sample contained gel base, powdered BH (T-Sept®) and Sample containing gel base and powdered BH (T-Sept® and Proteflazid®) possessed pronounced antioxidant properties. Conclusions. Tests with DPPH and DCFDA dyes were used to confirm the hypothesis regarding the cytoprotective effect of the patented gel composition Benzidaflaziverdine for local application in the form of a periodontal bandage due to the antioxidant activity of the flavonoid complex, which reaches the maximum level at the 2nd hour of exposure. This gel composition can be recommended for use in clinical periodontology for medical support of orthodontic patients before and during the active phase of orthodontic treatment.
Dentoalveolar anomalies and diseases of periodontal tissues are major main dental diseases and are characterized by high prevalence among different groups of the population. According to the WHO, about 50% of adolescents experience periodontal diseases accompanied by dental anomalies. Therefore, the lack of timely orthodontic care can lead to an increase in both the intensity of the carious process and the severity of periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis). According to various sources, in Ukraine, the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies generally constitutes 45-87%, of which 50% are due to anomalies of dentition and position of individual teeth. According to the WHO, the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies is 68%, and the excessively high level of periodontal tissue diseases is determined already at the age of 15-19 (55-89%), and at the age of 35-44, it reaches 65-98%. The article deals with causes, signifi cance, and role of infl ammatory and dystrophic-infl ammatory complications that appear in periodontal tissues among patients with dentoalveolar anomalies. The infl uence of functional overload of teeth groups on the development of periodontal pathology was estimated. Orthodontic treatment of teeth dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations is a long and complex process requiring proper complex treatment, which includes two interrelated periods: the period of active orthodontic treatment and the period of retaining treatment results. The fi rst stage of orthodontic treatment involves obtaining a functional, morphological, and aesthetic optimum and the harmonic state of the facial skeleton as a whole. The purpose of the second treatment stage is to obtain myodynamic equilibrium and physiological functioning of the reconstructed dental-jaw system. In particular, its functioning excludes the probability of relapse development. Consequently, patients with periodontal disease who seek an orthodontist doctor can be divided into two main groups. The fi rst group includes patients with hereditary or predetermined prenatal factors of bite anomalies and present periodontal diseases. The second group includes patients, in whom primary indications for orthodontic treatment revealed pathological teeth position due to one or another periodontal disease. In this review, the fi rst group of patients was examined. The algorithm of the complex treatment of patients with dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations with periodontal diseases was traced. Conclusion. An adequate interdisciplinary complex of orthodontic, orthopedic, therapeutic, implantology and periodontological measures at the modern level allows providing optimal conditions for maintaining a healthy periodontal complex, as well as to improve the aesthetic looks, which is necessary for a modern person who seeks to improve the quality of his/her life.
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