The purpose of the article is to study computer crimes in the credit and financial sphere based on elements of forensic characteristics of crimes and analysis of the ways of their commission. The relevance of the study is due to the rapid increase in the number of computer crimes in the credit and financial sphere and the low level of their disclosure. The research was conducted using the method of system analysis and synthesis of information obtained from criminal proceedings, as well as reports from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and the National Police of Ukraine, from 2014 to 2018. The most actual motives and methods of committing computer crimes in the financial sphere have been analyzed and it has been established that during the period of Ukraine’s independence, the level of economic crimes has increased by almost 300%. The increase in the number of crimes contributes to the distrust of the injured party to the law enforcement agencies, savings of funds of financial institutions on cyber security, low level of information security of the financial sphere of Ukraine, lack of clear coordination between the relevant departments, which are responsible for the investigation of these crimes. The necessity of conducting separate investigative actions at the initial stage of the investigation has been justified in order to facilitate the rapid identification of the suspect, causing material damage and, in general, the investigation process.
The article examines the content of the legal regime defined by the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 and the First Additional Protocol of 1977 regarding the treatment of prisoners of war. The content of the obligations of the subjects of international relations for the implementation of the norms and principles of IHL was studied. The results of the implementation activities of Ukraine and the Russian Federation before the start of full-scale aggression and after it were analyzed. Attention is paid to the importance of researching the content of the updated 2020 Commentary to the Third Geneva Convention and its implementation into national legislation. The content of the main principles of International Humanitarian Law regarding the treatment of prisoners of war is described in detail. It is noted that the level of effectiveness of compliance with the norms and principles of IHL during the conflict depends on the completeness of the implementation. As of February 2022, both states were not ready to fulfill their obligations to comply with GCIII. Ukraine, as a party to the conflict, quickly began implementation activities and adopted a number of acts on the treatment of prisoners of war, including a national information bureau. On the other hand, the Russian Federation did not and still does not intend to initiate similar implementation measures. The problem of the procedure of activating the legal regimes "state of war" and "martial law" by political leadership of Ukraine, as well as the formal recognition of the existence of an international armed conflict, is considered. The National Information Bureau in Ukraine was created and started its activities. In Russia internal legal and political discourse still does not recognize the existence of an armed conflict which hinders the implementation process.
The aim of the article was to analyze the current state and prospects of development of military law. The methodological basis of the study was the use of empirical research methods, theoretical knowledge and logical research techniques. The research was based on several certainties: The first systemic certainty is the limited or conditional commitment of some states to international law. The second systemic certainty is the state perspective of international security. The third is the structural deficiencies of the United Nations. The fourth systemic certainty is that horror in the context of armed conflict is present and that war is always a humanitarian catastrophe. Finally, the fifth systemic certainty is the defensibility of a state in possession of nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction. It is concluded that it is necessary to create a military justice system for modern police practice, i.e., to enact military law directly. Based on the idea that military justice is a system of organs, it should include: an organ that conducts pre-trial investigation or ensures law and order and an organ that monitors the rule of law; military courts.
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