[ChCl]:[Lev]
(1:2) DES was synthesized in the laboratory with choline
chloride, and levulinic acid, in a 1:2 relationship, stirring both
components at 333.15 K and at 101.3 kPa. A thermophysical study of
the pure [ChCl]:[Lev] (1:2) DES was realized. Densities, speeds of
sound, dynamic viscosities, and refractive indices of the pure [ChCl]:[Lev]
(1:2) DES are measured in the temperature range (293.15–343.15
K) and at 101.3 kPa of pressure. Density and refractive index data
were additionally used to calculate other properties such as thermal
expansion coefficient and molar refractions for the pure DES. The
experimental values of density, speed of sound and refractive index
showed a linear relationship with temperature, while the viscosity
data were fitted using common equations such as Arrhenius, Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman
(VFT), Litovitz, and fluidity. Besides, this paper reports experimental
data, at different temperatures T = (298.15, 308.15
and 318.15) K, of density, speed of sound, refractive index, and viscosity
for binary mixtures with alcohols. The derived properties, excess
molar volume, refractive index, and viscosity deviations, were determined
over the whole composition range at temperatures of 298.15, 308.15,
and 318.15 K. The excess properties were fitted to the Redlich–Kister
equation and have been qualitatively discussed in terms of interaction
and structural factors. The excess properties were satisfactorily
fitted by the Redlich–Kister equation.
The
densities of four ionic liquids: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium
bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([E3Mim][Nf2]), n-propyl-n-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
([PMpyr][Nf2]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
([BMpyr][Nf2]), and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonil)imide
([BMpyr][NTf2]) were measured at temperatures (293.15 to
413.15) K and pressures (0.1 to 60) MPa. The experimental density
data were modeled using the modified Tammann–Tait equation
and the average absolute percentage deviations between measured and
calculated values for all studied ionic liquids were less than 0.004%.
The optimized parameters were used to calculate the isothermal compressibility,
the isobaric thermal expansivity, the internal pressure, and the difference
between specific heat capacities at constant pressure and at constant
volume. The cation and anion influences on the properties of the ionic
liquids were examined. The longer alkyl chains on cations are related
to lower density of ionic liquids and ionic liquids with imidazole
based cation are denser than those with pyrrolidinium cation. The
presence of more stabile [NTf2]− anion
in ionic liquids leads to greater densities comparing to [Nf2]− anion.
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