The study investigated the causal factors associated with mass mortality of hatchery-reared Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822 fry during exogenous feeding. A feeding trial and fry re-infection trial were conducted using four different starter diets. The food samples were fed to 480 post-yolk-absorbed fries for 21 days in two replicates. Samples of dead fry were cultured for bacteria using standard methods. The total aerobic and coliform were significantly higher in all food samples, meanwhile, alkaline pH (9.25±0.34) and low dissolved oxygen (4.5±1.08) were not significantly different (P>0.05) in all water tanks. The bacterial pathogens isolated from dead fries were Aeromonas hydrophila Stainer, 1943 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula, 1990, whereas significantly higher mortality in experimentally infected fry was observed (α < 0.05). Mass mortality of C.gariepinus fry observed in this study was associated with bacterial pathogens, bacterial contamination of food, alkaline pH, and low dissolved oxygen.
Background: Feed determines to a large extent, the sustainability in aquaculture since the survival and growth of the fish fry depends on the quality of feeds. The comparative growth performance and survival in Clarias gariepinus fry fed with live and artificial feeds were carried out. Methods: Four hundred and eighty healthy fries collected from a commercial hatchery were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 40 fry with three replicates for each group, and fed with four different feeds (three live feeds and one artificial feed) to differentiate each group; Artemia Lush® (AL), Artemia Inve® (AI), Dried-ground Shrimp (S), and artificial feed Durante® (D) for three weeks. The proximate composition of feed samples was analyzed, Physico-chemical parameters and microbiological analysis of water in experimental tanks were analyzed on a weekly basis. The fish were assessed for growth performance and survival on a weekly basis. Results: There was a significant difference of P< 0.05 in all proximate compositions of the feeds analyzed, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the Physico-chemical parameters of water in the experimental tanks within twenty-one days. The final weight, final length, specific growth rate, and survival of fry fed with live feeds Artemia were similar to artificial feed Durante®, but the economic analysis was reduced in artificial feed compared to live feeds while fry fed with Dried-ground Shrimp had poor growth and survival rate. Conclusion: The feeding of live and artificial feeds to Clarias gariepinus fry within the first twenty-one days produced a similar growth response and survival rate but an artificial diet required reduced cost than live diets, while dried-ground shrimp should not be recommended for feeding Clarias gariepinus fry.
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis causes the highest incidence of human salmonellosis infections. Here, we describe the whole-genome sequence and annotation of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis strain 1145s, isolated in Nigeria. The strain has a genome of 4.57 Mb with a GC content of 52% and contains one plasmid.
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