Background and aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, variations in leukocytes and leukocyte subtypes, and the relationship between N/L ratio and insulin resistance (IR) in obesity. Materials and Methods: Ninety six patients and 40 healthy controls were included in this study. Patients’ blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and hemogram parameters upon 8 hours of fasting were determined. Body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were calculated. Results: Neutrophil numbers were found to be higher among IR obese patients than among non-IR obese patients. The N/L ratio was, moreover, found to be higher among IR obese patients, when compared to non IR obese. A positive correlation was found between insulin resistance and both neutrophil and WBC counts. Another positive correlation was also found between insulin levels and the N/L ratio, WBC, and neutrophil counts. Discussion: In our study, leukocyte numbers and subtypes were determined to be higher among obese individuals than among healthy individuals. The N/L ratio had increased significantly only among obese patients who have insulin resistance. Further studies are needed in order to better demonstrate the relationship between the N/L ratio and insulin resistance/inflammation. Key Words: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Obesity, Insulin Resistance

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A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : There is'nt any study giving information about profiles of upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in Somalia; this study has reported the analysis of upper endoscopic results from Mogadishu for the first time. In this study we aimed to evaluate the distributions of the upper gastrointestinal diseases in Mogadishu. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : Three hundred six patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy between 01.01.2015 and 20.04.2017 at Mogadishu Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Somalia-Turkey Training and Research Hospital were included in this study. Patients grouped according to the age, gender and diagnoses and assessed. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Ninety-seven patients were female (31.7%), 209 patients were male (68.3%). Age range was 16-97 years (mean age 47.9 years). The rates of upper GI were 18.0% (55 cases) esophageal cancer (nearly all patients had adenocarcinoma, squamous type was very rare), 2.3% (7 cases) gastric adenocarcinoma, 44.1% (135) endoscopic gastritis, 10.1% (31cases) peptic esophagitis, 4.3% (13 cases) duodenal ulcer, 4.3% (13 cases) bulbitis, 3.0% (9 cases) hiatal hernia, and 1.3% (4 cases) candidial esophagitis. 24 patients (7.8%) had normal endoscopic appearance. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : In our study we showed that the prevalence of esophagial cancer was higher in Mogadishu than in those of western countries. We think that the high rate of esophagus cancers due to the use of "khat" named an anxiolytic plant, too hot rice eating, poor nutrition from fresh vegetables and fruits, and the meals cooked in coal fire. Reduction the khat chewing and the improvements in eating habits are mandatory in order to reduce esophageal cancer cases. K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Endoscopy; upper gastrointestinal diseases; mogadishu; eating habits; khat chewing; esophageal cancers Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Somali'de üst gastrointestinal sistem (GİS) hastalıklarının profili ile ilgili bilgi veren bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma Mogadişu'da üst GİS endoskopisi sonuçlarının analizi ile ilgilili ilk çalışmadır. Bu çalışmada Mogadişuda üst GİS hastalıklarının dağılımı ile ilgili ilk değerlendirmeyi yapmayı amaçladık. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışmaya 01.01.2015 ve 20.04.2017 tarihleri arasında Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Somali-Türk Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesinde Üst GIS endoskopisi yapılmış olan 306 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar yaş, cinsiyet ve tanılarına göre gruplandırılarak değerlendirildi. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Çalışmada 97 hasta kadın (%31,7), 209 hasta erkekti (%68,3). Yaş aralığı 16-97 (ortalama 47,9) yıl idi. 55 hastada (%18,0) özofagus kanseri (hastaların tama yakını adenokarsinom tipte olup, skuamöz hücreli karsinom tip nadirdi), 7 hastada (%2,3) mide kanseri, 135 hastada (%44,1) gastrit, 31'inde (%10,1) peptik özofajit, 13 hastada (%4,3) bulbusta ülser, 13'ünde (%4,3) bulbit, 9 hastada (%3,0) herni ve 4 hastada (%1,3) kandidial özofajit, 24 (%7,8) hastada ise normal endoskopik bulg...

P arkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that seen in adulthood. Most prevalent symptoms are resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait disturbance, and postural abnormalities. The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease cannot be clearly elucidated. Its proposed that deterioration of dopaminergic neural cells is a multifactorial process. At the present time intracellular-mitochondrial, extracellular and inflammatory/cytokine-related mechanisms are accused of the occurrence of this disease. [1,2] Blood groups first identified in 1900s. Currently there are 36 known blood group systems. Most clinically important are ABO and Rh. Blood group antigens are found on red blood cells, platelets, leukocytes, plasma proteins, certain tissues, and various cell surface enzymes, and also exist in soluble form in body secretions such as breast milk, seminal fluid, saliva, sweat, gastric secretions, urine, and amniotic fluid. [3] ABO blood groups were suggested to be related with several diseases. Disorders related with ABO blood group are infectious disease (cholera, Helicobacter pylori, and Echerichia coli), cardiovascular disease, malignancies and allergic status. [4-6] Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease that seen in adulthood. Most prevalent symptoms are resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait disturbance, and postural abnormalities. Disorders related with ABO blood group are infectious disease (cholera, Helicobacter pylori, and Echerichia coli), cardiovascular disease, malignancies and allergic status. We objectived to elucidate the association between ABO blood group and Parkinson's disease. Methods: We investigated retrospectively the files of 264 adult patients who were diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and had blood type between January 2008 and December 2018 in neurology outpatient clinics included in the study. Results: Distribution of blood groups in patients as follows:

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Objectives: Previous studies have suggested that CagA positive Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection may cause the various oxidative damages. The objective of this study was to investigate serum oxidative status in infectetion with CagA positive H.pylori strains. Materials and methods:Forty-two H.pylori CagA positive subjects and 39 H.pylori CagA negative subjects were enrolled. H.pylori infection was diagnosed by the histopathological assessment of gastric mucosa. CagA status was detected by enzyme immuno assay in a micro ELISA machine. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured autoanalyzer using commercially available kits. Serum oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated using TAS and TOS measurements. Results:The levels TAS and TOS of CagA positive subjects were found to be 1.48 ± 0.18 mmol/L, 36.88 ± 19.84 mmol/L. Those of CagA negative group were measured to be 1.43 ± 0.19 mmol/L and 38.44 ± 14.72 mmol/L respectively. The values of serum OSI were similar (25.28 ± 15.85 and 26.48 ± 10.02) in CagA positive and negative groups. Conclusions:The measurements of serum oxidative status did not show any sigficant difference between the patients infected with CagA positive and CagA negative H.pilori strains. J Clin Exp Invest 2011;2(2):202-6

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases either directly via its special virulence factors or indirectly by increasing inflammation and oxidation. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) enzyme that is related to High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is responsible for the antioxidant and antiatherogenic effects of HDL cholesterol. PON-1 level is related to the risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the relation between H. pylori infection and PON-1 activity. MATERIAL AND METHOD:The study was performed prospectively in 126 H.pylori positive adult patients. After performing eradication therapy and checking the treatment success, 38 H. pylori-positive (17 male, 21 female) and 88 H. pylori-negative (43 male, 45 female) patients were included in this study. These groups were compared in terms of serum PON-1 levels. RESULTS:PON-1 enzyme levels were found to be 165.69 U/L in H. pylori -negative and 131.68 U/L in H. pylori -positive groups after H. pylori eradication therapy. After treatment, the difference in PON-1 enzyme levels was statistically significant (p=0.02). CONCLUSION:Increased PON-1 enzyme levels after H. pylori eradication therapy might play a role in the antiatherosclerotic effect by reducing LDL oxidation.

ABO kan grubu ile ilgili hastalıklar bulaşıcı hastalıklar (kolera, helicobacter pylori, echerichia coli), kardiyovasküler hastalık, maligniteler ve alerjik durumlardır. Çalışmamızda ABO kan grubu ile migren arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçladık.