IntroductionIf strict criteria for the diagnosis of carcinoma are used and all patients with granulosa cell tumors are considered, the best estimate of the incidence of associated endometrial carcinomas is under 5%. In patients with granulosa cell tumors, estrogen-dependent endometrial cancers are rarely found, and most of these endometrial cancers are well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinomas that carry a good prognosis when detected early.Case presentationWe report the case of a 65-year-old post-menopausal Nigerian woman of the Igbo tribe with an adult granulosa cell tumor that was initially treated as endometrial carcinoma. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy after histopathologic confirmation of a well-differentiated granulosa cell tumor of the ovary and a nuclear grade 1 adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists stage 1B). She had a good post-operative recovery and was discharged 10 days after treatment.ConclusionThe association between adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary and endometrial carcinomas is rare. A high index of suspicion as well as good imaging and histopathologic analyses are important in making this diagnosis.

This study confirms that the PAMG-1 test has a consistently high diagnostic accuracy at all gestational ages and with equivocal cases of ROM. The PAMG-1 test appears less costly than SCA.

Knowledge, awareness and perception of STDs among 983 adolescent female high school students at Onitsha, Nigeria is analysed. There was good general awareness of the common STDs, HIV/AIDS: 93.6% (n=920), gonorrhoea: 76.3% (n=750); syphilis: 69.1% (n=679), while the least was chlamydial disease: 6.6% (n=65). Knowledge of causes of STDs was high. Viruses were identified as the most common cause of STDs by 75.3% (n=740) of the respondents, followed by bacteria by 64.1% (n=630), while 17.8% (n=175) of the students believed that poison/witchcraft caused STDs. Surprisingly, 35.5% (n=349) identified herbs and natural medicines as effective remedies for these STDs; 56.7% (n=557) identified antibiotics as treatment for STDs, 33.8% (n=331) antiviral drugs, while a high percentage of the students believed in prayer houses as a remedy: 30.3% (n=298). The most common source of information was through the school: 80.6% (n=792), followed by television: 80.1% (n=787); radio accounted for 73.1% (n=719) and health workers for 64.1% (n=630). Awareness about preventive measures was as follows: abstinence 67.4% (n=663), mutual fidelity 56.7% (n=557) and condoms 54.8% (n=539).

This study investigates STD knowledge, awareness and perception among antenatal patients at a Nigerian teaching hospital. There was general awareness of the common STDs, such as gonorrhoea, 95.5% (n=127) and syphilis 66.92% (n=89), while the least awareness was recorded in chlamydial diseases, 6% (n=8). HIV/AIDS recorded the highest awareness, 96.2% (n=128). There knowledge of causes and treatment was remarkably poor. Only 58.6% (n=78) could recognise bacteria as causing STD. Surprisingly more than half, 72.2% (n=96) still believed that remedy could be obtained from prayer houses, herbs and other non-scientific means. The most common source of information was through media houses: radio 72.9% (n=97), television 64.7% (n=86). Preventive awareness was high, more than half believing that STD is preventable either by abstinence, barrier contraception or by mutual fidelity. Superstitious beliefs, greater influence of traditional medical practices and poverty are some of the numerous problems the few existing STD clinics face in the developing countries. Efforts should be geared towards establishing standard STD clinics and appropriate information disseminating organs. A situation where the herbalists and traditional medical personnel capture the mostly ignorant populace through unrestricted access to the media houses, as currently practiced in Nigeria, should be checked.

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