Background : Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is the most common urological disease in adult men. Antibiotic therapy is the gold standard of treatment. However, long-term therapy resulted in many side-effects and bacterial resistance. Because of these reasons, we need new treatment modality that could replace traditional antibiotic therapy. Catechin, an extract of green tea, has antimicrobial effect against various bacteria and synergy effect to antibiotics. We evaluate the synergistic effects of catechin on the treatment of CBP in an animal model. Methods : An experimental CBP model was induced in 70 male Wistar rats by instillation of 0.2 mL bacterial suspension (E-coli Z17, O2:K1:H-) containing 1 ¥ 108 CFU/mL into the prostatic urethra. Microbiologically and histologically proven CBP model was demonstrated in 58.6% (41 of 70) of the rats after 4 weeks of bacterial instillation. The 41 rats demonstrating CBP were randomly divided into four groups; the control, catechin, ciprofloxacin and catechin with ciprofloxacin groups. All drug treatments were conducted over a period of 2 weeks. After treatment, the results were analyzed with microbiological cultures and histological findings of the prostate and urine samples to compare each group. Results : Microbiological cultures and histological findings of the prostate and urine samples demonstrated reduced bacterial growth and improved inflammatory responses in all three experimental groups compared with the control group. The catechin group showed coherent trends of decrease in bacterial growth and improvements in prostatic inflammation compared with the control group, but not to a statistically significant degree ( P > 0.05). However, the ciprofloxacin and catechin with ciprofloxacin groups showed statistically significant decreases in bacterial growth and improvements in prostatic inflammation compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). The catechin with ciprofloxacin group showed a statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth and improvements in prostatic inflammation compared with the ciprofloxacin group ( P < 0.05).Conclusions : These results suggest that catechin may be an effective material in CBP treatment. Particularly, combination treatment of catechin and ciprofloxacin has synergistic effect. Therefore, we suggest that the combination of catechin and ciprofloxacin may be effective in treating CBP with a higher success rate.

Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH) is a benign tumor with two cell populations (epithelial and stromal cells), for which genomic profiles remain unknown. We conducted exome sequencing of 44 PSHs and identified recurrent somatic mutations of AKT1 (43.2%) and β-catenin (4.5%). We used a second subset of 24 PSHs to confirm the high frequency of AKT1 mutations (overall 31/68, 45.6%; p.E17K, 33.8%) and recurrent β-catenin mutations (overall 3 of 68, 4.4%). Of the PSHs without AKT1 mutations, two exhibited AKT1 copy gain. AKT1 mutations existed in both epithelial and stromal cells. In two separate PSHs from one patient, we observed two different AKT1 mutations, indicating they were not disseminated but independent arising tumors. Because the AKT1 mutations were not found to cooccur with β-catenin mutations (or any other known driver alterations) in any of the PSHs studied, we speculate that this may be the singlemost common driver alteration to develop PSHs. Our study revealed genomic differences between PSHs and lung adenocarcinomas, including a high rate of AKT1 mutation in PSHs. These genomic features of PSH identified in the present study provide clues to understanding the biology of PSH and for differential genomic diagnosis of lung tumors.pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma | whole-exome sequencing | AKT1 mutation | copy number alteration

Background/Aims: Although polypoid leiomyomas in the colon and rectum are rare, they are increasingly detected during colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of endoscopic removal for colorectal polypoid leiomyoma. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from 22 patients with polypoid leiomyoma arising from the muscularis mucosae in the colon and rectum who underwent endoscopic removal at single referral gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Colonoscopic findings, endoscopic removal, success rates, complication rates (bleeding or perforation), pathologic characteristics, and recurrence rates were investigated. Results: Most polypoid leiomyomas were small asymptomatic lesions less than 1 cm. The tumors were located predominantly in the left colon. Ten leiomyomas were removed using cold biopsy forceps, and 12 were resected by conventional polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection. All tumors arose from or involved the muscularis mucosa. There were no complications, such as bleeding or perforation. No local remnant lesions were found in 19 patients who underwent at least one follow-up colonoscopy. Conclusions: This case series represent cases of small colorectal polypoid leiomyoma that were safely removed endoscopically. An awareness of their endoscopic and clinic-pathological characteristics may provide safe treatment strategy for colonic leiomyomatous tumors of similar size in capable hands. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2016;68:179-185)

Our data indicate that gastric cancers display a higher expression of PTPN11 protein than the normal cells, suggesting that neo-expression of this positive signaling protein in the cells might play a role in the cancer development. Also, the higher expression of PTPN11 in tubular and intestinal types, where Helicobacter pylori has a definite role in the development of the cancers, suggest a possibility that PTPN11 might play a role in regulation in Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis the gastric cancers.