This study examined the immunolocalization and ontogeny of the inhibin-specific alpha subunit in the brain of male rats. Immunohistochemistry using antiserum directed against the mature region of porcine inhibin alpha (1-19, Tyr20) revealed positive reactions in process-bearing cells resembling astroglia in several regions, especially in the dorsal region of the third ventricle, medial and ventral arcuate nucleus, hippocampal dentate gyrus, and layers 1-3 of the cerebral cortex. Generally, inhibin alpha-positive cells in the limbic cortex had larger cell bodies and longer processes than those in the hypothalamus. These inhibin alpha-positive cells were verified to be positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a differentiated astroglial marker, by double immunolabelling. The expression of inhibin alpha mRNA was higher in the brains of neonatal rats than in those of adult rats, as revealed by reverse transcription-competitive polymerase chain reaction, although the similar changes of immunoreactive inhibin alpha subunit in the brain was not observed. Orchiectomy did not affect expression of inhibin alpha mRNA in the hypothalamic area. This study suggests that inhibin-related peptide is produced by differentiated astrocytes, especially in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and the cerebral cortex, and that the expression of inhibin alpha is regulated during brain development.
Credit risk management based on portfolio theory becomes popular in recent Japanese financial industry. But consideration and modeling of chain reaction bankruptcy effect in credit portfolio analysis leave much room for improvement even though the importance of the effect is recognized among credit analysis experts. That is partly because method for grasping relations among companies with limited data is underdeveloped. In this article, chance discovery method is applied to estimate structure of industrial relations that are to include companies' relations that transmit chain reaction of bankruptcy. The steps for the data analysis is introduced and result of example analysis with Japanese default events data of 2005 is presented.
This paper presents the low power architecture and design techniques for the mobile handset LSI Medity M2. M2 is a second-generation mobile handset LSI which integrates a Digital baseband and Application processor on a chip. M2 is capable of supporting 3.2 Mbps HSDPA, WCDMA communications, and rich, high-resolution multimedia applications, while power consumption is kept almost the same as in its predecessor chip M1. To reduce power consumption, M2 adopts hardware management clock control schemes, Multiple Vt transistors, an On-chip Power Switch, and Back-bias control. Preliminary measurement results show the design to work very well.
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