Wade NS. An international review of the implications of regulatory and electricity market structures on the emergence of grid scale electricity storage.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence Newcastle University ePrints -eprint.ncl.ac.uk Crossland AF, Anuta OH, Wade NS. A socio-technical approach to increasing the battery lifetime of off-grid photovoltaic systems applied to a case study in Rwanda.

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The move towards a Smart Grid electricity system is a target of the UK government over the next 20 to 40 years. The use of energy storage as part of the smart grid has been identified as the UK's electricity system continues to evolve due to proliferation of low carbon technologies, increasing electricity demand, and ageing assets. This paper looks at using Energy Storage Systems (ESS) as an investment alternative for DNOs to meet future challenges caused by growing demand, integration of renewables, in this case PV, and ageing infrastructure (cables, and transformer). This paper evaluates the impact that a projected demand increase would have on an 11kV distribution network in the UK with an examination of overpower, voltage excursion, tap change operations and power losses. The paper then discusses the impact of reinforcing a network with ESS and coordinating its operation with On-Load Tap Changers(OLTC) to fix or mitigate ascertained issues with the aim of deferring costly network upgrades and thereby provide benefit to the DNO and customers.