A socio-technical approach to increasing the battery lifetime of off-grid photovoltaic systems applied to a case study in Rwanda

Crossland, Andrew F.; Anuta, Oghenetejiri; Wade, Neal

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.04.020

Cited by 46 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…In the latter case, power will be more likely bought and sold to the grid. 4) Batteries: Since batteries are expensive and have a short lifetime (3-9 years), battery replacements significantly contribute to the system lifetime cost [9]. Employing both, direct transmission lines for power sharing and batteries to balance the mismatch between the power generation and consumption at the BSs would greatly increase the capital expenditure.…”

Section: A Different Power Sharing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Energy Sharing Among Base Stations as a Min-Cost-Max-Flow Optimization Problem

Benda

Chu

Sun

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. on Green Commun. Netw.

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Limited work has been done to optimize the power sharing among base stations (BSs) while considering the topology of the cellular network and the distance-dependent power loss (DDPL) in the transmission lines. In this paper, we propose two power sharing optimization algorithms for energy-harvesting BSs: the max-flow (MF) algorithm and the min-cost-max-flow (MCMF) algorithm. The two proposed algorithms minimize the power drawn from the main grid by letting BSs with power surpluses transmit harvested power to BSs with deficits. The MCMF algorithm has an additional DDPL cost associated with each transmission line. Hence, the MCMF algorithm shares the harvested power over shorter distances and loses less power during the transmission than the MF algorithm. Our numerical results show that for a fully connected cellular network, i.e., every pair of BSs can share power, with a moderate power loss coefficient per l (∈ R + ) meters of transmission line, the MCMF algorithm saves up to 10%, 22%, and 30% more main grid power than the MF algorithm for 5, 10, and 15 BSs uniformly distributed in a square area of l 2 square meters, respectively.

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Section: A Different Power Sharing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Energy Sharing Among Base Stations as a Min-Cost-Max-Flow Optimization Problem

Benda

Chu

Sun

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. on Green Commun. Netw.

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show abstract

“…Nonetheless, batteries are expensive (25-250e, 220e and 1500e per kWh for the battery types Lead-Acid, NaS and Li-Ion, respectively [12]) and have a short lifetime (3 -9 years [13]) compared to the warranty lifetimes of PV cells (PV cell manufacturers guarantee a 80% system performance warranty for around 20 years [14]). Therefore, battery replacements significantly contribute to the system lifetime cost [13]. Small batteries with orientation angle optimization are practically the more cost-effective option.…”

Section: Appendix B Justification For the Used Battery Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

PV Cell Angle Optimization for Energy Generation-Consumption Matching in a Solar Powered Cellular Network

Benda

Sun

Chu

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. on Green Commun. Netw.

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Abstract-An inherent problem of solar-energy-powered-smallcell base stations (SBSs) is that the energy generation of the photovoltaic (PV) cell does not match the energy consumption of the SBS in time. In this paper, we propose to optimize the PV cell orientation angle to achieve a good match between the energy generation and consumption profiles on a daily time scale. The optimization is formulated as an integer linear programming problem. We also derive an expression for the correlation between the energy generation and consumption profiles to evaluate their general interaction independent of the exact PV cell or SBS deployment setup. The numerical evaluation of the proposed angle optimization in a business area in London in summer/winter shows that the optimal PV cell orientation in summer contradicts the conventional assumption of south facing being optimal in the northern hemisphere. Instead, a southwest orientation should be chosen in summer due to its ability to shift the energy generation peak towards the energy consumption peak in the afternoon at a SBS in central London. This is in accordance with the prediction given by our derived correlation between the solar energy generation and consumption profiles.

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“…Technical Analysis. From (23) and the data in Table 2, the size of the array needed to meet half of the annual load of 3600 kWh is estimated as 3.58 kW. The inverter capacity is similarly determined from (26) as 0.51 kW.…”

Section: Grid-solar Pv-battery-inverter System (Spvs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Grid-Charged Inverter-Battery Systems for Domestic Applications in Ghana

Quansah

Adaramola

Edwin

et al. 2016

Journal of Solar Energy

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Ghana, like many African countries, is currently facing power supply shortage, which has led to load shedding. To minimize the impact of the power crisis, options such as diesel and petrol generators, grid-charged battery-inverter systems (GBIS), and solar PV with battery storage (SPVS) have been used in residential and nonresidential contexts. In this paper, we develop analytical models to conduct a technical and economic comparison of GBIS and SPVS systems. Using average electricity tariff of $0.186 for residential sector (excluding lifeline customers) we show that although initial cost of SPVS is higher, it costs 30% less than GBIS. We also show that losses associated with the GBIS are as high as 42% when viewed from a systems perspective and that some of its costs are externalized. We conclude by commending the Ghana Government’s initiative of rolling out 200,000 residential rooftop solar systems and recommend an increase in system capacities as well as a similar programme for nonresidential facilities.

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A socio-technical approach to increasing the battery lifetime of off-grid photovoltaic systems applied to a case study in Rwanda

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Renewable Energy Sharing Among Base Stations as a Min-Cost-Max-Flow Optimization Problem

Renewable Energy Sharing Among Base Stations as a Min-Cost-Max-Flow Optimization Problem

PV Cell Angle Optimization for Energy Generation-Consumption Matching in a Solar Powered Cellular Network

An Assessment of Grid-Charged Inverter-Battery Systems for Domestic Applications in Ghana

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