A 4 × 4 reconfigurable Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based linear optical processor is investigated through its theoretical analyses and characterized experimentally. The linear transformation matrix of the structure is theoretically determined using its building block, which is a 2 × 2 reconfigurable MZI. To program the device, the linear transformation matrix of a given application is decomposed into that of the constituent MZIs of the structure. Thus, the required phase shifts for implementing the transformation matrix of the application by means of the optical processor are determined theoretically. Due to random phase offsets in the MZIs resulting from fabrication process variations, they are initially configured through an experimental protocol. The presented calibration scheme allows to straightforwardly characterize the MZIs to mitigate the possible input phase errors and determine the bar and cross states of each MZI for tuning it at the required sate before programming the device. After the configuration process, the device can be programmed to construct the linear transformation matrix of the application. In this regard, using the required bias voltages, the phase shifts obtained from the decomposition process are applied to the phase shifters of the MZIs in the device.
Abstract-A complete review of the data vortex optical packet switched (OPS) interconnection network architecture is presented. The distributed multistage network topology is based on a banyan structure and incorporates a deflection routing scheme ideally suited for implementation with optical components. An implemented 12-port system prototype employs broadband semiconductor optical amplifier switching nodes and is capable of successfully routing multichannel wavelength-division multiplexing packets while maintaining practically error-free signal integrity (BER 10 12 ) with median latencies of 110 ns. Packet contentions are resolved without the use of optical buffers via a distributed deflection routing control scheme. The entire payload path in the optical domain exhibits a capacity of nearly 1 Tb/s. Further experimental measurements investigate the OPS interconnection network's flexibility and robustness in terms of optical power dynamic range and network timing. Subsequent experimental investigations support the physical layer scalability of the implemented architecture and serve to substantiate the merits of the data vortex OPS network architectural paradigm. Finally, modified design considerations that aim to increase the network throughput and device-level performance are presented.Index Terms-Interconnection networks (multiprocessor), optical interconnections, packet switching, photonic switching systems, wavelength-division multiplexing.
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